PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (NR283) STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (NR283) STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

Question:
1. Hypertrophy
Answer:
Increase in cell size - results in enlarged tissue mass

Question:
2. Causes of hypertrophy
Answer:
Additional work by the tissue Excessive hormonal stimulation

Question:
3. Examples of hypertrophy
Answer:
Enlarged heart resulting from increased demands Effect of consistent exercise on skeletal muscle, leading
to an enlarged muscle mass

Question:
4. Atrophy
Answer:
Decrease in cell size - results in reduced tissue mass

Question:
5. Causes of atrophy
Answer:
Reduced use of the tissue Insufficient nutrition Decreased neurologic or hormonal stimulation Aging

Question:
6. Example of atrophy
Answer:
Shrinkage of skeletal muscle that occurs when a limb is immobilized in a cast for several weeks

Question:
7. Hyperplasia
Answer:
Increase in number of cells - results in enlarged tissue mass

Question:
8. Cause of hyperplasia
Answer:
Compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand or pathologic when there is a hormonal imbalance

, Question:
9. In some cases ________ and _______ can occur simultaneously, as in the uterine enlargement that
occurs during pregnancy
Answer:
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Question:
10. Metaplasia
Answer:
Mature cell type that is replaced by a different mature cell type Adaptive mechanism that provides more
resistance tissue

Question:
11. Example of metaplasia
Answer:
Smoker cells

Question:
12. Dysplasia
Answer:
Abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue Large
nuclei are frequently present Rate of mitosis is increased

Question:
13. Causes of dysplasia
Answer:
Chronic irritation Infection Precancerous change

Question:
14. Neoplasia
Answer:
"New growth" or tumor

Question:
15. Ischemia
Answer:
Deficient of oxygen in the cells

Question:
16. Most common cause of cell damage
Answer:
Ischemia

Question:
17. Hypoxia