NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM MOCK TEST WITH ANSWER
RATIONALES 2026
◉ Examples of primary immunodeficiency.
Answer: -Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood
-DiGeorge Syndrome
-Familial Mediterranean fever
-Job Syndrome
-Common Variable Immunodeficiency
◉ Secondary Immunodeficiency.
Answer: -conditions where the immune system becomes
compromised because of a complication of some other physiological
condition or disease
-can be caused by cancer, effect from a drug (chemotherapeutic
agents that suppress immune system), and infections that
compromise the immune system
Ex: Patient with HIV gets pneumocystis carinii
,◉ What is is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies
worldwide?.
Answer: -malnutrition
◉ Examples of secondary immunodeficiency.
Answer: -Pneumocystis Carinii
-HIV
-PNA
-Sinus infection
-Lung cancer
◉ Hypersensitivity Type I.
Answer: - allergic reaction
-mediated by IgE
-mast cells are the primary effector cells involved
-inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
◉ Hypersensitivity Type I symptoms.
Answer: Local: itching, rash
Systemic: wheezing
◉ Hypersensitivity Type I example.
,Answer: Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction -> systemic
response -> hypertension -> severe bronchoconstriction
Treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
◉ Hypersensitivity Type II.
Answer: -cytotoxic reaction
-tissue/organ specific
-macrophages are primary effector cells involved
-can cause tissue damage or alter function
Mechanism: Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of:
1. Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement
2. Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis
3. Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction
4. Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity
5. Antireceptor antibodies
◉ Hypersensitivity Type II examples.
Answer: 1. Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism): altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
, 2. Incompatible blood type (ABO incompatibility): cell/tissue
damage occurs
-severe transfusion reaction -> transfused erythrocytes destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
3. Drug allergies
4. Hemolytic anemia
◉ Graves disease.
Answer: -Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor
for TSH
◉ ABO incompatibility.
Answer: -Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse
◉ Hypersensitivity Type III.
Answer: -NOT organ specific
-antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood of body fluids -> complex is then deposited
in the tissues
-organ rejection involved cytotoxicity
MIDTERM MOCK TEST WITH ANSWER
RATIONALES 2026
◉ Examples of primary immunodeficiency.
Answer: -Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood
-DiGeorge Syndrome
-Familial Mediterranean fever
-Job Syndrome
-Common Variable Immunodeficiency
◉ Secondary Immunodeficiency.
Answer: -conditions where the immune system becomes
compromised because of a complication of some other physiological
condition or disease
-can be caused by cancer, effect from a drug (chemotherapeutic
agents that suppress immune system), and infections that
compromise the immune system
Ex: Patient with HIV gets pneumocystis carinii
,◉ What is is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies
worldwide?.
Answer: -malnutrition
◉ Examples of secondary immunodeficiency.
Answer: -Pneumocystis Carinii
-HIV
-PNA
-Sinus infection
-Lung cancer
◉ Hypersensitivity Type I.
Answer: - allergic reaction
-mediated by IgE
-mast cells are the primary effector cells involved
-inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
◉ Hypersensitivity Type I symptoms.
Answer: Local: itching, rash
Systemic: wheezing
◉ Hypersensitivity Type I example.
,Answer: Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction -> systemic
response -> hypertension -> severe bronchoconstriction
Treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
◉ Hypersensitivity Type II.
Answer: -cytotoxic reaction
-tissue/organ specific
-macrophages are primary effector cells involved
-can cause tissue damage or alter function
Mechanism: Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of:
1. Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement
2. Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis
3. Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction
4. Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity
5. Antireceptor antibodies
◉ Hypersensitivity Type II examples.
Answer: 1. Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism): altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
, 2. Incompatible blood type (ABO incompatibility): cell/tissue
damage occurs
-severe transfusion reaction -> transfused erythrocytes destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
3. Drug allergies
4. Hemolytic anemia
◉ Graves disease.
Answer: -Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor
for TSH
◉ ABO incompatibility.
Answer: -Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse
◉ Hypersensitivity Type III.
Answer: -NOT organ specific
-antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood of body fluids -> complex is then deposited
in the tissues
-organ rejection involved cytotoxicity
