NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ NP role in the treatment of GERD.
Answer: The NP evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment.
◉ Lifestyle modifications for GERD patients.
Answer: Lifestyle modifications may include dietary changes, weight
management, and avoiding triggers.
◉ Medications commonly used to treat GERD.
Answer: Antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors,
and prokinetic agents.
◉ Significance of esophageal motility disorders in GERD.
Answer: Impaired esophageal peristalsis reduces esophageal
clearance, leading to pooling of gastric acid.
◉ Role of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in GERD.
Answer: The LES dysfunction allows gastric acid to flow back into
the esophagus, contributing to GERD.
,◉ Potential complications of untreated appendicitis.
Answer: Untreated appendicitis can lead to perforation and systemic
response.
◉ Importance of C-reactive protein in diagnosing appendicitis.
Answer: Increased C-reactive protein indicates systemic
inflammation associated with appendicitis.
◉ Typical pain pattern associated with appendicitis.
Answer: Pain typically starts as periumbilical pain and later localizes
to the right lower quadrant (RLQ).
◉ Role of imaging in diagnosing appendicitis.
Answer: Imaging such as abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI
are used to confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis.
◉ Major risk factor for GERD associated with Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: Diaphragmatic weakness.
◉ Contributing factors to Hiatal Hernia.
, Answer: Aging, obesity, pregnancy, increased intra-abdominal
pressure (chronic coughing or Valsalva maneuver), and structural
abnormalities of the diaphragm.
◉ Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: A condition caused by aging, obesity, pregnancy, increased
intra-abdominal pressure (chronic coughing or Valsalva maneuver),
and structural abnormalities of the diaphragm.
◉ Lifestyle modification for Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: Eating small, frequent meals.
◉ Medications for Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: Antacids, H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors,
and prokinetic agents.
◉ Primary cause of Duodenal Ulcer.
Answer: H. pylori infection.
◉ Aggressive factors in Duodenal Ulcer.
Answer: Gastric acid, pepsin, H. pylori, and NSAIDs.
◉ Defensive factors against Duodenal Ulcer.
MIDTERM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ NP role in the treatment of GERD.
Answer: The NP evaluates the effectiveness of the treatment.
◉ Lifestyle modifications for GERD patients.
Answer: Lifestyle modifications may include dietary changes, weight
management, and avoiding triggers.
◉ Medications commonly used to treat GERD.
Answer: Antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors,
and prokinetic agents.
◉ Significance of esophageal motility disorders in GERD.
Answer: Impaired esophageal peristalsis reduces esophageal
clearance, leading to pooling of gastric acid.
◉ Role of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in GERD.
Answer: The LES dysfunction allows gastric acid to flow back into
the esophagus, contributing to GERD.
,◉ Potential complications of untreated appendicitis.
Answer: Untreated appendicitis can lead to perforation and systemic
response.
◉ Importance of C-reactive protein in diagnosing appendicitis.
Answer: Increased C-reactive protein indicates systemic
inflammation associated with appendicitis.
◉ Typical pain pattern associated with appendicitis.
Answer: Pain typically starts as periumbilical pain and later localizes
to the right lower quadrant (RLQ).
◉ Role of imaging in diagnosing appendicitis.
Answer: Imaging such as abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI
are used to confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis.
◉ Major risk factor for GERD associated with Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: Diaphragmatic weakness.
◉ Contributing factors to Hiatal Hernia.
, Answer: Aging, obesity, pregnancy, increased intra-abdominal
pressure (chronic coughing or Valsalva maneuver), and structural
abnormalities of the diaphragm.
◉ Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: A condition caused by aging, obesity, pregnancy, increased
intra-abdominal pressure (chronic coughing or Valsalva maneuver),
and structural abnormalities of the diaphragm.
◉ Lifestyle modification for Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: Eating small, frequent meals.
◉ Medications for Hiatal Hernia.
Answer: Antacids, H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors,
and prokinetic agents.
◉ Primary cause of Duodenal Ulcer.
Answer: H. pylori infection.
◉ Aggressive factors in Duodenal Ulcer.
Answer: Gastric acid, pepsin, H. pylori, and NSAIDs.
◉ Defensive factors against Duodenal Ulcer.
