NR 226 EXAM 2 EXAM PREP STUDY GUIDE
WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Presbyopia.
Answer: vision loss due to aging
pupils are smaller and react slower
◉ presbycusis.
Answer: age related hearing loss- affects the ability to hear high
pitched sounds and conversational speech
affects more men than women
◉ Delirium.
Answer: Acute confusional state- a potentially reversible cognitive
impairment that can be caused from electrolyte imbalances,
untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia, hypoglycemia, medication
effects, tumors, subdural hematoma, and brain bleed or
hemorrhage- can also accompany pneumonia or a UTI- also can be
from sleep deprivation
is a medical emergency
,◉ Dementia.
Answer: Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning
gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-Alzheimer's is a form
◉ Depression.
Answer: A mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness
and despair
most common yet is most untreated and undetected impairment in
older adulthood
can be acute or chronic
◉ Health.
Answer: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in older adults,
next is cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke
COPD caused by tobacco smoke causes progression
,*hypertension and pain are not normal signs of aging
◉ Restorative Care.
Answer: Care for adults is either for continuing recovery from acute
illness or addressing chronic conditions that affect daily functioning
the goal is to regain or improve prior level of independence, and
ADLs
◉ Chapter 43: Sleep.
Answer: some patients have preexisting sleep disturbances and
others develop sleep problems as a result of an illness or
hospitalization
◉ Circadian Rhythms (diurnal).
Answer: day-night cycle- controlled by the hypothalamus
the biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized
with other body functions
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
, circadian cycle controls body temperature, heart rate, blood
pressure, hormone secretions, sensory acuity, and mood predictable
changes
sleeping promotes healing and regulates metabolism
◉ Stages of the Adult Sleep Cycle.
Answer: 1. Presleep: the person is aware only of a gradually
developing sleepiness- normally lasts 10 to 30 minutes (can last
hours in person with difficulty sleeping)
Once asleep, normally pass through 4 or 5 complete sleep cycles per
night- each consist of 4 stages of NREM and a period of REM- a cycle
lasts 90 to 100 minutes
NREM stage 1- NREM stage 2- NREM stage 3- NREM stage 4- NREM
stage 3- NREM stage 2- REM sleep- NREM stage 2, 3, 4 ,3, 2, rem, etc.
usually hit REM sleep after 90 minutes, with 75-80% of sleep being
in NREM
◉ Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stages (NREM).
WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Presbyopia.
Answer: vision loss due to aging
pupils are smaller and react slower
◉ presbycusis.
Answer: age related hearing loss- affects the ability to hear high
pitched sounds and conversational speech
affects more men than women
◉ Delirium.
Answer: Acute confusional state- a potentially reversible cognitive
impairment that can be caused from electrolyte imbalances,
untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia, hypoglycemia, medication
effects, tumors, subdural hematoma, and brain bleed or
hemorrhage- can also accompany pneumonia or a UTI- also can be
from sleep deprivation
is a medical emergency
,◉ Dementia.
Answer: Generalized impairment of intellectual functioning
gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction
-Alzheimer's is a form
◉ Depression.
Answer: A mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness
and despair
most common yet is most untreated and undetected impairment in
older adulthood
can be acute or chronic
◉ Health.
Answer: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in older adults,
next is cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke
COPD caused by tobacco smoke causes progression
,*hypertension and pain are not normal signs of aging
◉ Restorative Care.
Answer: Care for adults is either for continuing recovery from acute
illness or addressing chronic conditions that affect daily functioning
the goal is to regain or improve prior level of independence, and
ADLs
◉ Chapter 43: Sleep.
Answer: some patients have preexisting sleep disturbances and
others develop sleep problems as a result of an illness or
hospitalization
◉ Circadian Rhythms (diurnal).
Answer: day-night cycle- controlled by the hypothalamus
the biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized
with other body functions
affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines
, circadian cycle controls body temperature, heart rate, blood
pressure, hormone secretions, sensory acuity, and mood predictable
changes
sleeping promotes healing and regulates metabolism
◉ Stages of the Adult Sleep Cycle.
Answer: 1. Presleep: the person is aware only of a gradually
developing sleepiness- normally lasts 10 to 30 minutes (can last
hours in person with difficulty sleeping)
Once asleep, normally pass through 4 or 5 complete sleep cycles per
night- each consist of 4 stages of NREM and a period of REM- a cycle
lasts 90 to 100 minutes
NREM stage 1- NREM stage 2- NREM stage 3- NREM stage 4- NREM
stage 3- NREM stage 2- REM sleep- NREM stage 2, 3, 4 ,3, 2, rem, etc.
usually hit REM sleep after 90 minutes, with 75-80% of sleep being
in NREM
◉ Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stages (NREM).
