Fundamentals of Nursing 11th Edition Test
Bank – Chapters 1–49: Exam Questions with
Correct Answers (VerifiedAnswers) Plus
Rationales 2026 Q&A Instant Download PDF
Question 1
A nurse is providing care to a newly admitted client. Which
action best demonstrates the principle of patient-centered
care?
A. Making all decisions for the client to save time
B. Following the unit routine without modification
C. Including the client in decisions about the plan of care
D. Asking the family to make decisions without consulting the
client
Correct Answer: C. Including the client in decisions about the
plan of care
Rationale: Patient-centered care recognizes the client as an
active participant in healthcare decisions. The nurse should
assess the client's preferences, values, beliefs, concerns, and
goals and incorporate them into the plan of care whenever
possible. Although family members may provide valuable
,support, the competent client should generally remain the
primary decision-maker. Simply following routines without
considering individual needs does not reflect individualized
nursing care.
Question 2
Which statement best describes the primary purpose of the
nursing process?
A. To ensure that nurses follow identical procedures
B. To replace clinical judgment
C. To provide a systematic framework for individualized
nursing care
D. To eliminate the need for communication among healthcare
professionals
Correct Answer: C. To provide a systematic framework for
individualized nursing care
Rationale: The nursing process provides a systematic approach
to assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation. It helps nurses organize clinical information, identify
client needs, establish appropriate goals, implement
interventions, and determine whether those interventions were
effective. It does not replace clinical judgment; rather, it
supports and organizes clinical reasoning. The process also
,promotes individualized care rather than identical treatment for
every client.
Question 3
During an assessment, a nurse obtains information directly from
the client about the location and severity of pain. How should
this information be classified?
A. Objective data
B. Secondary data
C. Laboratory data
D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: D. Subjective data
Rationale: Subjective data consist of information reported by
the client and cannot be directly observed or measured by the
nurse. Pain is a classic example because the client's personal
experience and description provide the most reliable
information about its severity and characteristics. Objective
data, in contrast, are observable or measurable findings such as
temperature, blood pressure, wound appearance, or oxygen
saturation.
Question 4
, A nurse is developing a care plan for a client who has impaired
mobility. Which goal is written correctly?
A. Client will improve mobility.
B. Nurse will assist client with walking.
C. Client will have better strength soon.
D. Client will ambulate 50 meters with a walker and one-
person assistance by the end of the shift.
Correct Answer: D. Client will ambulate 50 meters with a
walker and one-person assistance by the end of the shift.
Rationale: A well-written nursing goal should be specific,
measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-oriented. The goal in
option D clearly identifies what the client will do, the distance to
be achieved, the required assistive device, the level of
assistance, and the timeframe. The other options are vague or
describe nursing actions rather than measurable client
outcomes.
Question 5
A nurse discovers that a client has developed a new area of
redness over the sacrum. What should the nurse do first?
A. Massage the reddened area
B. Apply a heating pad
Bank – Chapters 1–49: Exam Questions with
Correct Answers (VerifiedAnswers) Plus
Rationales 2026 Q&A Instant Download PDF
Question 1
A nurse is providing care to a newly admitted client. Which
action best demonstrates the principle of patient-centered
care?
A. Making all decisions for the client to save time
B. Following the unit routine without modification
C. Including the client in decisions about the plan of care
D. Asking the family to make decisions without consulting the
client
Correct Answer: C. Including the client in decisions about the
plan of care
Rationale: Patient-centered care recognizes the client as an
active participant in healthcare decisions. The nurse should
assess the client's preferences, values, beliefs, concerns, and
goals and incorporate them into the plan of care whenever
possible. Although family members may provide valuable
,support, the competent client should generally remain the
primary decision-maker. Simply following routines without
considering individual needs does not reflect individualized
nursing care.
Question 2
Which statement best describes the primary purpose of the
nursing process?
A. To ensure that nurses follow identical procedures
B. To replace clinical judgment
C. To provide a systematic framework for individualized
nursing care
D. To eliminate the need for communication among healthcare
professionals
Correct Answer: C. To provide a systematic framework for
individualized nursing care
Rationale: The nursing process provides a systematic approach
to assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation. It helps nurses organize clinical information, identify
client needs, establish appropriate goals, implement
interventions, and determine whether those interventions were
effective. It does not replace clinical judgment; rather, it
supports and organizes clinical reasoning. The process also
,promotes individualized care rather than identical treatment for
every client.
Question 3
During an assessment, a nurse obtains information directly from
the client about the location and severity of pain. How should
this information be classified?
A. Objective data
B. Secondary data
C. Laboratory data
D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: D. Subjective data
Rationale: Subjective data consist of information reported by
the client and cannot be directly observed or measured by the
nurse. Pain is a classic example because the client's personal
experience and description provide the most reliable
information about its severity and characteristics. Objective
data, in contrast, are observable or measurable findings such as
temperature, blood pressure, wound appearance, or oxygen
saturation.
Question 4
, A nurse is developing a care plan for a client who has impaired
mobility. Which goal is written correctly?
A. Client will improve mobility.
B. Nurse will assist client with walking.
C. Client will have better strength soon.
D. Client will ambulate 50 meters with a walker and one-
person assistance by the end of the shift.
Correct Answer: D. Client will ambulate 50 meters with a
walker and one-person assistance by the end of the shift.
Rationale: A well-written nursing goal should be specific,
measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-oriented. The goal in
option D clearly identifies what the client will do, the distance to
be achieved, the required assistive device, the level of
assistance, and the timeframe. The other options are vague or
describe nursing actions rather than measurable client
outcomes.
Question 5
A nurse discovers that a client has developed a new area of
redness over the sacrum. What should the nurse do first?
A. Massage the reddened area
B. Apply a heating pad
