NSG 524
FINAL EXAM
(Mental Health Nursing)
Actual Questions w/Correct Answers
(NCLEX (NGN) style Questions)
Herzing University
What you Will Get:
• 60 verified questions
• Correct answers with Rationales.
• Ideal for exam preparation and concept reinforcement.
,Question 1. When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute
glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the
dietary teaching?
A. Select protein-rich food daily
B. Restrict sodium intake
C. Eat high-potassium foods
D. Avoid foods high in carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which impairs
the kidney's ability to filter blood effectively. Sodium restriction is essential because
damaged kidneys cannot excrete sodium efficiently, leading to fluid retention, edema,
and hypertension.
Why the other options are Incorrect:
Option A: While protein needs are managed in kidney disease, unrestricted protein-rich
foods are not the primary focus in AGN and may increase renal workload.
Option C: Potassium restriction—not augmentation—is often necessary in renal
impairment because the kidneys cannot excrete potassium adequately, increasing the
risk of hyperkalemia.
Option D: Carbohydrates are not restricted in AGN; they provide necessary energy and
are not directly related to the pathophysiology of glomerular inflammation.
Question 2. An older client with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is seen in
the clinic for a routine health assessment. Which assessments would the nurse
complete to determine if the patient is experiencing long-term complications?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Skin condition of lower extremities
B. Sensation in feet and legs
C. Visual acuity
D. Signs of respiratory tract infection
E. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
,Rationale:
Long-term complications of type 2 DM include microvascular and macrovascular
damage.
• A is correct: Assessing skin condition of the lower extremities helps identify
diabetic ulcers and poor wound healing due to neuropathy and vascular
insufficiency.
• B is correct: Assessing sensation detects peripheral neuropathy, a common
diabetic complication that increases injury risk.
• C is correct: Visual acuity screening identifies diabetic retinopathy, a leading
cause of blindness in diabetic patients.
• E is correct: Serum creatinine and BUN evaluate kidney function and screen for
diabetic nephropathy.
Why the other option is Incorrect:
Option D: Signs of respiratory tract infection are not specific long-term complications of
diabetes; while diabetics are more susceptible to infections, this assessment does not
screen for the classic chronic complications (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, or
vascular disease).
Question 3. A client with a new diagnosis of glaucoma is concerned about going
blind. To help prevent blindness due to glaucoma, the nurse should instruct the
client to implement which actions? (Select All That Apply)
A. Meticulously follow the regimen for administering prescribed eye drops
B. Schedule regular appointments to measure eye pressure
C. Report any changes in vision perception immediately
D. Maintain a diet high in vegetables, particularly carotene
E. Avoid excessive eye strain by limiting computer screen time
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale:
Glaucoma causes progressive optic nerve damage primarily due to elevated intraocular
pressure (IOP).
, • A is correct: Adherence to prescribed eye drops (e.g., prostaglandin analogs,
beta-blockers) is the cornerstone of IOP management and prevention of optic
nerve damage.
• B is correct: Regular tonometry appointments monitor IOP and treatment
effectiveness.
• C is correct: Early reporting of vision changes (e.g., halos, peripheral vision
loss) allows for timely intervention to slow progression.
Why the other options are Incorrect:
Option D: While a vegetable-rich diet supports general health, carotene intake does not
prevent glaucomatous nerve damage.
Option E: Limiting screen time may reduce eye strain but does not prevent the
pathological progression of glaucoma.
Question 4. The nurse is teaching a client with cancer about skincare for the
portal site receiving external beam radiation. Which client action indicates a need
for further teaching?
A. Washes the radiation site with antibacterial soap and water
B. Applies prescribed lotions to the radiation site
C. Wears clothing to cover the radiation site
D. Dries the area with patting motions after taking a shower
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Radiation therapy causes skin sensitivity and fragility. Antibacterial soap is often too
harsh, contains alcohol or strong chemicals, and can cause irritation, dryness, or
breakdown of the irradiated skin. Clients should use mild, unscented soap and avoid
scrubbing.
Why the other options are Incorrect:
Option B: Applying prescribed lotions or emollients is recommended to maintain skin
hydration and reduce radiation dermatitis.
Option C: Covering the site with soft clothing protects against sun exposure and
mechanical irritation.
Option D: Patting the skin dry minimizes friction and trauma to sensitive irradiated
tissue.
FINAL EXAM
(Mental Health Nursing)
Actual Questions w/Correct Answers
(NCLEX (NGN) style Questions)
Herzing University
What you Will Get:
• 60 verified questions
• Correct answers with Rationales.
• Ideal for exam preparation and concept reinforcement.
,Question 1. When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute
glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the
dietary teaching?
A. Select protein-rich food daily
B. Restrict sodium intake
C. Eat high-potassium foods
D. Avoid foods high in carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which impairs
the kidney's ability to filter blood effectively. Sodium restriction is essential because
damaged kidneys cannot excrete sodium efficiently, leading to fluid retention, edema,
and hypertension.
Why the other options are Incorrect:
Option A: While protein needs are managed in kidney disease, unrestricted protein-rich
foods are not the primary focus in AGN and may increase renal workload.
Option C: Potassium restriction—not augmentation—is often necessary in renal
impairment because the kidneys cannot excrete potassium adequately, increasing the
risk of hyperkalemia.
Option D: Carbohydrates are not restricted in AGN; they provide necessary energy and
are not directly related to the pathophysiology of glomerular inflammation.
Question 2. An older client with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is seen in
the clinic for a routine health assessment. Which assessments would the nurse
complete to determine if the patient is experiencing long-term complications?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Skin condition of lower extremities
B. Sensation in feet and legs
C. Visual acuity
D. Signs of respiratory tract infection
E. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
,Rationale:
Long-term complications of type 2 DM include microvascular and macrovascular
damage.
• A is correct: Assessing skin condition of the lower extremities helps identify
diabetic ulcers and poor wound healing due to neuropathy and vascular
insufficiency.
• B is correct: Assessing sensation detects peripheral neuropathy, a common
diabetic complication that increases injury risk.
• C is correct: Visual acuity screening identifies diabetic retinopathy, a leading
cause of blindness in diabetic patients.
• E is correct: Serum creatinine and BUN evaluate kidney function and screen for
diabetic nephropathy.
Why the other option is Incorrect:
Option D: Signs of respiratory tract infection are not specific long-term complications of
diabetes; while diabetics are more susceptible to infections, this assessment does not
screen for the classic chronic complications (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, or
vascular disease).
Question 3. A client with a new diagnosis of glaucoma is concerned about going
blind. To help prevent blindness due to glaucoma, the nurse should instruct the
client to implement which actions? (Select All That Apply)
A. Meticulously follow the regimen for administering prescribed eye drops
B. Schedule regular appointments to measure eye pressure
C. Report any changes in vision perception immediately
D. Maintain a diet high in vegetables, particularly carotene
E. Avoid excessive eye strain by limiting computer screen time
Correct Answers: A, B, C
Rationale:
Glaucoma causes progressive optic nerve damage primarily due to elevated intraocular
pressure (IOP).
, • A is correct: Adherence to prescribed eye drops (e.g., prostaglandin analogs,
beta-blockers) is the cornerstone of IOP management and prevention of optic
nerve damage.
• B is correct: Regular tonometry appointments monitor IOP and treatment
effectiveness.
• C is correct: Early reporting of vision changes (e.g., halos, peripheral vision
loss) allows for timely intervention to slow progression.
Why the other options are Incorrect:
Option D: While a vegetable-rich diet supports general health, carotene intake does not
prevent glaucomatous nerve damage.
Option E: Limiting screen time may reduce eye strain but does not prevent the
pathological progression of glaucoma.
Question 4. The nurse is teaching a client with cancer about skincare for the
portal site receiving external beam radiation. Which client action indicates a need
for further teaching?
A. Washes the radiation site with antibacterial soap and water
B. Applies prescribed lotions to the radiation site
C. Wears clothing to cover the radiation site
D. Dries the area with patting motions after taking a shower
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Radiation therapy causes skin sensitivity and fragility. Antibacterial soap is often too
harsh, contains alcohol or strong chemicals, and can cause irritation, dryness, or
breakdown of the irradiated skin. Clients should use mild, unscented soap and avoid
scrubbing.
Why the other options are Incorrect:
Option B: Applying prescribed lotions or emollients is recommended to maintain skin
hydration and reduce radiation dermatitis.
Option C: Covering the site with soft clothing protects against sun exposure and
mechanical irritation.
Option D: Patting the skin dry minimizes friction and trauma to sensitive irradiated
tissue.
