NUR 445: Final Exam (STUDY GUIDE) Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
- Consent
- Labs (ex. BUN, Cr, CBC)
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions pre-transplant.
- Baseline vital signs
(5 points)
- Cardiology (ex. EKG)
- Education
- Daily weight
- I&O
- Vitals (ex. BP, temp.)
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions post-transplant.
- Signs of pain, infection
(6 points)
- Labs (ex. WBC, Cr, BUN)
- Administer medications (ex. antibiotic, immunosuppres-
sants)
- Creatinine over 1.3 = baby kidney
Acute Renal Failure: What are the four key assessments - BUN over 20
findings? - Urine output 30 mL/hr less = kidney in distress
- Metabolic acidosis pH below 7.35
A condition characterized by an acute, rapid loss of renal
function.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Note: An accumulation of nitrogenous waste products
such as urea, nitrogen, and creatinine and progressive
increases in potassium.
- Sepsis
- Administration of contrast media
- Exposure to nephrotoxins
What are six risk factors for AKI?
- Older population
- Clients who undergone major surgery
- Clients with acute illness
External factors that reduce renal blood flow
AKI: Causes- Preneal
,NUR 445: Final Exam (STUDY GUIDE) Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Examples: Obstruction, low blood pressure, and low car-
diac output
Involve direct damage to the renal system.
Examples: CT contrast, antibiotics (ex. vancomycin, gen-
AKI: Causes- Intrarenal
tamicin), untreated infection, overuse of NSAIDs.
Note: Creatine over 1.3 = bad kidney
Mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract.
AKI: Causes- Postrenal
Examples: BPH, prostate cancer, calculi, trauma, and tu-
mors.
A functional AV fistula or graft has a palpable pulsation, a
Assessment of an AV fistula
thrill, and a bruit on auscultation.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secre-
tion
What is SIADH?
Important: Too much ADH is released = kidney retain ex-
cess water.
- Stop in urination (Urine output reduced)
- Sticky, thick concentration (High specific gravity >1.030)
- Hypoosmolality and hyponatremia
What are five symptoms of SIADH?
- High blood pressure
- Swelling (ex. edema)
- Seizures (watch for headache/confusion)
- Restrict fluids
- Loop diuretics
What are five nursing interventions for SIADH?
- Correct sodium deficit (Hypertonic solution, IV 3%
saline)
, NUR 445: Final Exam (STUDY GUIDE) Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
- Seizure preauction
- If able, give (per order) oral sodium tablets
The adrenal glands do produce too much steroid hor-
mones, specifically cortisol.
Describe Cushing's syndrome.
Remember, cushion of steroids.
- Remove underlying cause (ex. tumor, reduce steroid
dosage)
What are three interventions for Cushing's syndrome? - Administration of medication (ex. Dexamethasone re-
placement)
- Assessment of fluid loss
A life-threatening condition that occurs with uncontrolled
What is thyroid storm?
hyperthyroidism.
- Weight loss
- Exophthalmos (budging eyes)
- Tachycardia
- Fever
What are some symptoms of thyroid storm? (9 symptoms) - Severe agitation
- Systolic HTN
- Abdominal pain
- Tremors
- Changes of LOC
A deficiency of insulin leading to the use of stored fats for
energy.
What is DKA?
Note: Associated with type one. Faster onset, easier to
treat.
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
- Consent
- Labs (ex. BUN, Cr, CBC)
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions pre-transplant.
- Baseline vital signs
(5 points)
- Cardiology (ex. EKG)
- Education
- Daily weight
- I&O
- Vitals (ex. BP, temp.)
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions post-transplant.
- Signs of pain, infection
(6 points)
- Labs (ex. WBC, Cr, BUN)
- Administer medications (ex. antibiotic, immunosuppres-
sants)
- Creatinine over 1.3 = baby kidney
Acute Renal Failure: What are the four key assessments - BUN over 20
findings? - Urine output 30 mL/hr less = kidney in distress
- Metabolic acidosis pH below 7.35
A condition characterized by an acute, rapid loss of renal
function.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Note: An accumulation of nitrogenous waste products
such as urea, nitrogen, and creatinine and progressive
increases in potassium.
- Sepsis
- Administration of contrast media
- Exposure to nephrotoxins
What are six risk factors for AKI?
- Older population
- Clients who undergone major surgery
- Clients with acute illness
External factors that reduce renal blood flow
AKI: Causes- Preneal
,NUR 445: Final Exam (STUDY GUIDE) Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
Examples: Obstruction, low blood pressure, and low car-
diac output
Involve direct damage to the renal system.
Examples: CT contrast, antibiotics (ex. vancomycin, gen-
AKI: Causes- Intrarenal
tamicin), untreated infection, overuse of NSAIDs.
Note: Creatine over 1.3 = bad kidney
Mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract.
AKI: Causes- Postrenal
Examples: BPH, prostate cancer, calculi, trauma, and tu-
mors.
A functional AV fistula or graft has a palpable pulsation, a
Assessment of an AV fistula
thrill, and a bruit on auscultation.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secre-
tion
What is SIADH?
Important: Too much ADH is released = kidney retain ex-
cess water.
- Stop in urination (Urine output reduced)
- Sticky, thick concentration (High specific gravity >1.030)
- Hypoosmolality and hyponatremia
What are five symptoms of SIADH?
- High blood pressure
- Swelling (ex. edema)
- Seizures (watch for headache/confusion)
- Restrict fluids
- Loop diuretics
What are five nursing interventions for SIADH?
- Correct sodium deficit (Hypertonic solution, IV 3%
saline)
, NUR 445: Final Exam (STUDY GUIDE) Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
- Seizure preauction
- If able, give (per order) oral sodium tablets
The adrenal glands do produce too much steroid hor-
mones, specifically cortisol.
Describe Cushing's syndrome.
Remember, cushion of steroids.
- Remove underlying cause (ex. tumor, reduce steroid
dosage)
What are three interventions for Cushing's syndrome? - Administration of medication (ex. Dexamethasone re-
placement)
- Assessment of fluid loss
A life-threatening condition that occurs with uncontrolled
What is thyroid storm?
hyperthyroidism.
- Weight loss
- Exophthalmos (budging eyes)
- Tachycardia
- Fever
What are some symptoms of thyroid storm? (9 symptoms) - Severe agitation
- Systolic HTN
- Abdominal pain
- Tremors
- Changes of LOC
A deficiency of insulin leading to the use of stored fats for
energy.
What is DKA?
Note: Associated with type one. Faster onset, easier to
treat.
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
