BIOL 204 EXAM 4 PURDUE
LATEST 2026/2027 WITH 770
QUESTIONS AND EXPERT-
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS
what the components of the innate immune system? - ANSWER-includes physical
barriers (e.g., skin, mucosal layers), chemical barriers (e.g., stomach acid,
lysozymes), and cellular components (e.g., mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages,
and natural killer cells)
what is the function of physical barriers in the innate immune system? -
ANSWER-physical barriers like skin and mucosal layers prevent invaders from
crossing into the body
what are the chemical barriers in the innate immune system? - ANSWER-chemical
barriers include substances like stomach acid and lysozymes that destroy
pathogens
,which cells mediate the inflammatory response in the innate immune system? -
ANSWER-mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells
mediate inflammation
how is the adaptive immune system divided? - ANSWER-into cell-mediated
immunity (T-lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (B lymphocytes)
what is cell-mediated immunity? - ANSWER-it is executed by T lymphocytes,
including CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic cells, which target infected or
abnormal cells
what is humoral immunity? - ANSWER-it involves B-lymphocytes producing
antibodies to neutralize pathogens in bodily fluids
how do dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive immune systems? - ANSWER-
dendritic cells present antigens from pathogens to T cells, initiating an adaptive
immune response
what are natural killer T (NKT) cells? - ANSWER-a subset of T lymphocytes that
share characteristics with NK cells and modulate both innate and adaptive
responses
what are antibodies, and what do they do? - ANSWER-proteins produced by B
lymphocytes to bind to specific antigens, neutralizing or marking pathogens for
destruction
what is the acute inflammatory response? - ANSWER-rapid, nonspecific defense
mechanism against injury or infection, aimed at limiting harmful agents,
eliminating pathogens and debris, and initating tissue repair
,what triggers the acute inflammatory response? - ANSWER-tissue damage
activates mast cells, which release histamine
what does histamine do during inflammation? - ANSWER-causes vasodilation
(increased blood flow) and vascular permeability (fluid and immune cells moving
into tissues)
what are the five classic signs of acute inflammation? - ANSWER-1. redness
(rubor)
2. heat (calor)
3. swelling (tumor)
4. pain (dolar)
5. loss of function (functio laesa)
what causes redness and heat in inflammation? - ANSWER-vasodilation increases
blood flow to the affected area, leading to redness and localized heat
what causes swelling in inflammation? - ANSWER-increased vascular
permeability allows fluid to leak into tissues, causing edema or swelling
why does pain occur during inflammation? - ANSWER-pain results from tissue
distortion caused by swelling and stimulation of nerve endings by chemical
mediators like bradykinin
"loss of function" in acute inflammation refers to what? - ANSWER-impaired
movement or function due to pain, swelling, or severe tissue damage
, what are cytokines, and what role do they play in inflammation? - ANSWER-
signaling proteins released by immune cells that regulate inflammation and
immune responses
what are chemokines, and how do they function? - ANSWER-a type of cytokine
that direct the migration of immune cells to sites of infection or injury
what is chronic inflammation? - ANSWER-a prolonged inflammatory response
that can lead to tissue damage and contribute to diseases like arthritis and
cardiovascular disease
major components of the lymphatic system - ANSWER-lymphatic vessels, lymph
nodes, lymph
primary role of the lymphatic system - ANSWER-maintain tissue homeostasis
how does the lymphatic system maintain tissue homeostasis? - ANSWER-by
recovering *excess fluid, macromolecules, and HDL-cholesterol* from interstitial
fluid and returning it to the bloodstream
what happens to the recovered fluid in the lymphatic system? - ANSWER-now
called LYMPH, is returned to the bloodstream to prevent *edema and sustain fluid
balance*
how does the lymphatic system contribute to immune function? - ANSWER-
lymphatic capillaries serve as *entry points* for immune cells, transporting them
to *lymph nodes* where immune responses are triggered
what role do lymphatic vessels play in the small intestine? - ANSWER-lymphatic
vessels, called LACTEALS are essential for absorbing dietary fats
LATEST 2026/2027 WITH 770
QUESTIONS AND EXPERT-
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS
what the components of the innate immune system? - ANSWER-includes physical
barriers (e.g., skin, mucosal layers), chemical barriers (e.g., stomach acid,
lysozymes), and cellular components (e.g., mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages,
and natural killer cells)
what is the function of physical barriers in the innate immune system? -
ANSWER-physical barriers like skin and mucosal layers prevent invaders from
crossing into the body
what are the chemical barriers in the innate immune system? - ANSWER-chemical
barriers include substances like stomach acid and lysozymes that destroy
pathogens
,which cells mediate the inflammatory response in the innate immune system? -
ANSWER-mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells
mediate inflammation
how is the adaptive immune system divided? - ANSWER-into cell-mediated
immunity (T-lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (B lymphocytes)
what is cell-mediated immunity? - ANSWER-it is executed by T lymphocytes,
including CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic cells, which target infected or
abnormal cells
what is humoral immunity? - ANSWER-it involves B-lymphocytes producing
antibodies to neutralize pathogens in bodily fluids
how do dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive immune systems? - ANSWER-
dendritic cells present antigens from pathogens to T cells, initiating an adaptive
immune response
what are natural killer T (NKT) cells? - ANSWER-a subset of T lymphocytes that
share characteristics with NK cells and modulate both innate and adaptive
responses
what are antibodies, and what do they do? - ANSWER-proteins produced by B
lymphocytes to bind to specific antigens, neutralizing or marking pathogens for
destruction
what is the acute inflammatory response? - ANSWER-rapid, nonspecific defense
mechanism against injury or infection, aimed at limiting harmful agents,
eliminating pathogens and debris, and initating tissue repair
,what triggers the acute inflammatory response? - ANSWER-tissue damage
activates mast cells, which release histamine
what does histamine do during inflammation? - ANSWER-causes vasodilation
(increased blood flow) and vascular permeability (fluid and immune cells moving
into tissues)
what are the five classic signs of acute inflammation? - ANSWER-1. redness
(rubor)
2. heat (calor)
3. swelling (tumor)
4. pain (dolar)
5. loss of function (functio laesa)
what causes redness and heat in inflammation? - ANSWER-vasodilation increases
blood flow to the affected area, leading to redness and localized heat
what causes swelling in inflammation? - ANSWER-increased vascular
permeability allows fluid to leak into tissues, causing edema or swelling
why does pain occur during inflammation? - ANSWER-pain results from tissue
distortion caused by swelling and stimulation of nerve endings by chemical
mediators like bradykinin
"loss of function" in acute inflammation refers to what? - ANSWER-impaired
movement or function due to pain, swelling, or severe tissue damage
, what are cytokines, and what role do they play in inflammation? - ANSWER-
signaling proteins released by immune cells that regulate inflammation and
immune responses
what are chemokines, and how do they function? - ANSWER-a type of cytokine
that direct the migration of immune cells to sites of infection or injury
what is chronic inflammation? - ANSWER-a prolonged inflammatory response
that can lead to tissue damage and contribute to diseases like arthritis and
cardiovascular disease
major components of the lymphatic system - ANSWER-lymphatic vessels, lymph
nodes, lymph
primary role of the lymphatic system - ANSWER-maintain tissue homeostasis
how does the lymphatic system maintain tissue homeostasis? - ANSWER-by
recovering *excess fluid, macromolecules, and HDL-cholesterol* from interstitial
fluid and returning it to the bloodstream
what happens to the recovered fluid in the lymphatic system? - ANSWER-now
called LYMPH, is returned to the bloodstream to prevent *edema and sustain fluid
balance*
how does the lymphatic system contribute to immune function? - ANSWER-
lymphatic capillaries serve as *entry points* for immune cells, transporting them
to *lymph nodes* where immune responses are triggered
what role do lymphatic vessels play in the small intestine? - ANSWER-lymphatic
vessels, called LACTEALS are essential for absorbing dietary fats
