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Community and Public Health Guide|
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1. What is the socio-ecological model of health?
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, The socio-ecological model of health explores the relationship among health, the individual,
the group, and the community as they exist in their social, political, and physical
environments.
• Rationale: Public health outcomes are rarely caused by a single isolated factor. This
framework recognizes that health is dynamic and shaped by complex, overlapping layers
of influence. By understanding how an individual interacts with their broader
environment, health professionals can design interventions that target multiple levels
simultaneously for long-term success.
2. How do socioeconomic factors define and impact a community’s
health?
Income, employment, housing, and education help define a community, and these factors
can affect the health of individuals in the community.
• Rationale: These variables represent the fundamental social determinants of health
(SDOH). For example, low education levels often restrict employment opportunities,
leading to lower income and substandard housing. This cascade increases exposure to
environmental hazards, chronic stress, and poor nutrition, directly causing poorer health
outcomes across the entire population.
3. What are individual factors within the socio-ecological model?
Individual factors are influences on an individual's behavior that can affect behavior and
choices, such as their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personality, which may be negative
or positive.
• Rationale: This is the first level of the socio-ecological model. Before a person changes
a health behavior (like quitting smoking or getting vaccinated), they must possess the
knowledge of why it matters and hold beliefs that support the change. Interventions at this
level focus on personal education, counseling, and building self-efficacy.
4. What are interpersonal factors within the socio-ecological model?
Interpersonal factors are interactions with others that may provide support or create
barriers to interpersonal growth; interactions may promote healthy behavior or act as a
negative influence.
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