EPPP Practice Exam Questions with
answers
J. Berry acculturation, integration - correct answersJ. Barry conceptualizes acculturation as many models
existing on a continuum, with the minority culture and the majority or mainstream culture at opposite
poles. Integration would be displayed by an individual who has high retention of the minority culture
and high maintenance of the mainstream culture.
Lenore Walker cycle of violence, battered women - correct answersLenore Walker describes a cycle of
violence that involves three stags: tension building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition.
According to Walker, most of the benefits of the relationship occur in the third stage, when the batterer
offers apologies, assurances that the attacks will never happen again, and declarations of love. The
relationship tends to remain stable when the balance between the costs of the abuse and the benefits
of the relationship are fairly similar. As violence escalates, the relationship becomes more unstable, and
the man escalates his charming behavior in an attempt to restore stability.
behavioral contrast effect - correct answersIf we are reinforced for performing two different operants,
and reinforcement for one of these behaviors stops, we tend to increase the rate of the remaining
reinforced behavior. That is probably because the reinforcement that remains seems to become more
valuable.
doctrine of comparable worth - correct answersStates that workers (in particular, men and women)
should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth (use job evaluation)
M. Seligman theory of learned optimism - correct answersIn Seligman's theory of learned optimism,
attributions of optimistic people are believed to be the opposite of attributions of depressed people.
Since depressed people make internal, stable, and global attributions to negative events, optimistic
people would tend to make external, unstable, and specific attributions in response to negative events.
Therefore, we can readily eliminate "B" ("I didn't study enough") since that's an internal attribution.
Choice "C" ("the teacher is always a tough grader") is a stable attribution. That leaves Choices "A" ("I was
unlucky") and Choice "D" ("the test was hard this time") - which are both external and unstable
attributions. Of the two, however, Choice "D" is better since being unlucky would imply that success is a
matter of luck.
Course of Antisocial Personality Disorder - correct answersThe symptoms of Antisocial Personality
Disorder (APD), particularly criminal behaviors, often become less evident as an individual grows older
(DSM-TR-IV, p. 704). APD has a chronic course and while some symptoms like criminal behaviors may
decrease, other symptoms such as difficulties with interpersonal relationships may persist. (See: Paris, J.
(2004). Personality disorders over time: Implications for therapy, American Journal of Psychotherapy,
58(4), 420-429.)
Group polarization - correct answersA group's decisions tend to be more extreme (in one direction or
the other) than those that would be made by individuals in the group acting alone. This phenomenon is
referred to as group polarization. One explanation for group polarization is that group members are
more willing to support extreme decisions because, as group members, they won't have to take as much
personal responsibility for their decisions as they would if they were acting alone.
,Solomon's four group design - correct answersa true experimental design used to evaluate the effects of
pretesting, since some groups are pretested and others are not.
MANOVA - correct answersA MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) is used to analyze the effects
of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables that are each measured on
an interval or ratio scale.
factorial ANOVA - correct answersA factorial ANOVA (a.) is used to analyze data when a factorial design,
which includes two or more independent variables, is used and the dependent variable is measured on
an interval or ratio scale.
Factorial designs also allow for the assessment of both main effects (the effects of each independent
variable considered individually) and interaction effects (the effects of each variable at the different
levels of the other variable). The study described in this question has two "significant main effects" for
the independent variables: type of reading program and past level of reading comprehension. And a
"significant interaction effect" means that the effects of the different reading programs varied
significantly for students at different reading levels. For example, "Reading Program A" may have been
highly effective for above average students, moderately effective for average students, yet ineffective
for below average students. On the other hand, "Reading Program B" may have been only effective for
below average students, while "Reading Program C" may not have been effective for any students.
One-Way ANOVA - correct answersA one-way ANOVA (c.) is used when a study has one independent
variable and more than two independent groups.
Split-Plot (mixed) ANOVA - correct answersThe split-plot (mixed) ANOVA (d.) is the appropriate
technique when at least one independent variable is a between-groups variable and another
independent variable is a within-subjects variable.
experiment wise error rate - correct answersalpha (chance of Type I error) for all analyses done on a
data set
capitation - correct answersA common method of reimbursement used primarily by health maintenance
organizations in which the provider or medical facility is paid a fixed, per capita amount for each
individual enrolled in the plan, regardless of how many or few services the patient uses.
time-series quasi-experimental design - correct answers-Used when only ONE group is available to study
over a longer period of time
-Useful for determining trends over time
-Data are collected multiple times before the introduction of the treatment ot establish a baseline point
of reference on outcomes.
-The experimental treatment is introduced and data are collected multiple times afterward to determine
a change from baseline.
-The broad range and number of data-collection points helps rule out alternative explanations, such as
history effects.
-Potential threats to Internal validity: Testing--b/c of multiple data-collection points, maturation and
selection--b/c lack of control group
, Transvestic fetishism - correct answersheterosexual male has recurrent intense sexually arousing
fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross dressing.
Exhibitionism - correct answersexposing of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger
Gender Identity Disorder - correct answersstrong and persistent cross-gender identification with
evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of
functioning.
cognitive dissonance - correct answersThe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when
two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and our actions
clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.
A person is motivated to reduce the negative, aversive state that results when his or her cognitions
conflict with each other. From the perspective of this theory, the poor client paying a very high fee
would experience a state of dissonance. Therefore, this client, more than those in the other responses,
would be motivated to believe that he or she is benefitting from therapy.
Sleep patterns of persons with/at-risk of depression - correct answersResearch has found that
depression is most associated with a more rapid onset of REM sleep, decreased percentage of slow
wave sleep, and increased percentage of REM sleep. The research also suggests that individuals with no
prior history of depression but who have rapid REM onset have an increased risk of developing
depression (e.g., D. Giles, D. Kupfer, A. Rush, & H. Roffwarg, Controlled comparison of
electrophysiological sleep in families of probands with unipolar depression. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 1998, 155(2), 192-199).
blocking - correct answersBlocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus
just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus should acquire the properties of a
CS from this procedure, that's not what happens. Instead, the second stimulus does not produce a
conditioned response.
Alderian - correct answersFor Adlerians, a desire to belong is a primary motivator of behavior, but this
desire may be channeled into the mistaken goals of power, attention, inadequacy, or revenge., Feelings
of inferiority contribute to problems in children and adults
Teological approach-behavior is shaped by future goals (NOT the past)
Innate social interest motivates people, ways to fulfill social responsibility
Key Concepts:
Inferiority feelings
Striving for superiority
Style of Life
Social Interest
Inferiority feeling develop during childhood while striving for superiority. Ways a person tries to
compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority determines one's style of life
Personality is determined by age 46
answers
J. Berry acculturation, integration - correct answersJ. Barry conceptualizes acculturation as many models
existing on a continuum, with the minority culture and the majority or mainstream culture at opposite
poles. Integration would be displayed by an individual who has high retention of the minority culture
and high maintenance of the mainstream culture.
Lenore Walker cycle of violence, battered women - correct answersLenore Walker describes a cycle of
violence that involves three stags: tension building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition.
According to Walker, most of the benefits of the relationship occur in the third stage, when the batterer
offers apologies, assurances that the attacks will never happen again, and declarations of love. The
relationship tends to remain stable when the balance between the costs of the abuse and the benefits
of the relationship are fairly similar. As violence escalates, the relationship becomes more unstable, and
the man escalates his charming behavior in an attempt to restore stability.
behavioral contrast effect - correct answersIf we are reinforced for performing two different operants,
and reinforcement for one of these behaviors stops, we tend to increase the rate of the remaining
reinforced behavior. That is probably because the reinforcement that remains seems to become more
valuable.
doctrine of comparable worth - correct answersStates that workers (in particular, men and women)
should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth (use job evaluation)
M. Seligman theory of learned optimism - correct answersIn Seligman's theory of learned optimism,
attributions of optimistic people are believed to be the opposite of attributions of depressed people.
Since depressed people make internal, stable, and global attributions to negative events, optimistic
people would tend to make external, unstable, and specific attributions in response to negative events.
Therefore, we can readily eliminate "B" ("I didn't study enough") since that's an internal attribution.
Choice "C" ("the teacher is always a tough grader") is a stable attribution. That leaves Choices "A" ("I was
unlucky") and Choice "D" ("the test was hard this time") - which are both external and unstable
attributions. Of the two, however, Choice "D" is better since being unlucky would imply that success is a
matter of luck.
Course of Antisocial Personality Disorder - correct answersThe symptoms of Antisocial Personality
Disorder (APD), particularly criminal behaviors, often become less evident as an individual grows older
(DSM-TR-IV, p. 704). APD has a chronic course and while some symptoms like criminal behaviors may
decrease, other symptoms such as difficulties with interpersonal relationships may persist. (See: Paris, J.
(2004). Personality disorders over time: Implications for therapy, American Journal of Psychotherapy,
58(4), 420-429.)
Group polarization - correct answersA group's decisions tend to be more extreme (in one direction or
the other) than those that would be made by individuals in the group acting alone. This phenomenon is
referred to as group polarization. One explanation for group polarization is that group members are
more willing to support extreme decisions because, as group members, they won't have to take as much
personal responsibility for their decisions as they would if they were acting alone.
,Solomon's four group design - correct answersa true experimental design used to evaluate the effects of
pretesting, since some groups are pretested and others are not.
MANOVA - correct answersA MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) is used to analyze the effects
of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables that are each measured on
an interval or ratio scale.
factorial ANOVA - correct answersA factorial ANOVA (a.) is used to analyze data when a factorial design,
which includes two or more independent variables, is used and the dependent variable is measured on
an interval or ratio scale.
Factorial designs also allow for the assessment of both main effects (the effects of each independent
variable considered individually) and interaction effects (the effects of each variable at the different
levels of the other variable). The study described in this question has two "significant main effects" for
the independent variables: type of reading program and past level of reading comprehension. And a
"significant interaction effect" means that the effects of the different reading programs varied
significantly for students at different reading levels. For example, "Reading Program A" may have been
highly effective for above average students, moderately effective for average students, yet ineffective
for below average students. On the other hand, "Reading Program B" may have been only effective for
below average students, while "Reading Program C" may not have been effective for any students.
One-Way ANOVA - correct answersA one-way ANOVA (c.) is used when a study has one independent
variable and more than two independent groups.
Split-Plot (mixed) ANOVA - correct answersThe split-plot (mixed) ANOVA (d.) is the appropriate
technique when at least one independent variable is a between-groups variable and another
independent variable is a within-subjects variable.
experiment wise error rate - correct answersalpha (chance of Type I error) for all analyses done on a
data set
capitation - correct answersA common method of reimbursement used primarily by health maintenance
organizations in which the provider or medical facility is paid a fixed, per capita amount for each
individual enrolled in the plan, regardless of how many or few services the patient uses.
time-series quasi-experimental design - correct answers-Used when only ONE group is available to study
over a longer period of time
-Useful for determining trends over time
-Data are collected multiple times before the introduction of the treatment ot establish a baseline point
of reference on outcomes.
-The experimental treatment is introduced and data are collected multiple times afterward to determine
a change from baseline.
-The broad range and number of data-collection points helps rule out alternative explanations, such as
history effects.
-Potential threats to Internal validity: Testing--b/c of multiple data-collection points, maturation and
selection--b/c lack of control group
, Transvestic fetishism - correct answersheterosexual male has recurrent intense sexually arousing
fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross dressing.
Exhibitionism - correct answersexposing of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger
Gender Identity Disorder - correct answersstrong and persistent cross-gender identification with
evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of
functioning.
cognitive dissonance - correct answersThe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when
two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and our actions
clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.
A person is motivated to reduce the negative, aversive state that results when his or her cognitions
conflict with each other. From the perspective of this theory, the poor client paying a very high fee
would experience a state of dissonance. Therefore, this client, more than those in the other responses,
would be motivated to believe that he or she is benefitting from therapy.
Sleep patterns of persons with/at-risk of depression - correct answersResearch has found that
depression is most associated with a more rapid onset of REM sleep, decreased percentage of slow
wave sleep, and increased percentage of REM sleep. The research also suggests that individuals with no
prior history of depression but who have rapid REM onset have an increased risk of developing
depression (e.g., D. Giles, D. Kupfer, A. Rush, & H. Roffwarg, Controlled comparison of
electrophysiological sleep in families of probands with unipolar depression. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 1998, 155(2), 192-199).
blocking - correct answersBlocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus
just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus should acquire the properties of a
CS from this procedure, that's not what happens. Instead, the second stimulus does not produce a
conditioned response.
Alderian - correct answersFor Adlerians, a desire to belong is a primary motivator of behavior, but this
desire may be channeled into the mistaken goals of power, attention, inadequacy, or revenge., Feelings
of inferiority contribute to problems in children and adults
Teological approach-behavior is shaped by future goals (NOT the past)
Innate social interest motivates people, ways to fulfill social responsibility
Key Concepts:
Inferiority feelings
Striving for superiority
Style of Life
Social Interest
Inferiority feeling develop during childhood while striving for superiority. Ways a person tries to
compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority determines one's style of life
Personality is determined by age 46
