PSYC 2030 FINAL EXAM SIMULATION: 200 ORIGINAL,
QUESTIONS SYSTEMATICALLY COVERING EVERY TESTED
CONCEPT – INCLUDING REPEATED MEASURES, INDEPENDENT
MEASURES, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS,
COUNTERBALANCING, CONTROL PROCEDURES, STATISTICAL
TEST SELECTION, AND INTERNAL VALIDITY THREATS – WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND FULL RATIONALES
1. Which type of design combines the advantages of both within-
subjects and between-subjects designs?
A) Factorial design
B) Matched subjects design
C) Correlational design
D) Quasi-experimental design
Correct Answer: B) Matched subjects design
Rationale: Matched subjects design pairs participants based on relevant
characteristics, then assigns one from each pair to different conditions.
This combines the error-reduction of within-subjects designs with the
independence of between-subjects designs.
2. What is the most simple and unbiased procedure for selecting
sequences in a within-subjects design?
A) Random number generator
B) Coin flip
C) Latin square
D) Stratified sampling
,Correct Answer: C) Latin square
Rationale: A Latin square systematically counterbalances conditions so
that each condition appears in each position equally often, controlling
for order effects in a simple, unbiased manner.
3. A within-subjects design is also known as which type of design?
A) Independent measures design
B) Repeated measures design
C) Between-subjects design
D) Correlational design
Correct Answer: B) Repeated measures design
Rationale: Within-subjects designs are called repeated measures
because the same participants are measured multiple times across
different conditions.
4. What is the primary advantage of using a within-subjects design?
A) Requires fewer statistical analyses
B) Treatment effects and individual differences are not linked
C) Eliminates the need for counterbalancing
D) Requires more participants than between-subjects designs
Correct Answer: B) Treatment effects and individual differences are
not linked
Rationale: In within-subjects designs, each participant serves as their
own control, so individual differences are constant across conditions
and do not confound treatment effects.
5. Angelo is studying reward magnitude on spelling performance using
a within-subjects design with $0.50 and $1 conditions. The number of
words spelled correctly is measured at a ratio level. What statistical
test should Angelo use?
,A) Independent samples t-test
B) Repeated measures t-test or repeated measures ANOVA
C) Chi-square test
D) Mann-Whitney U test
Correct Answer: B) Repeated measures t-test or repeated measures
ANOVA
Rationale: With a within-subjects design and ratio level data, the
appropriate tests are those that handle repeated measures, such as
repeated measures t-test or repeated measures ANOVA.
6. Another term for a between-subjects design is:
A) Repeated measures design
B) Independent measures design
C) Matched subjects design
D) Correlated groups design
Correct Answer: B) Independent measures design
Rationale: Between-subjects design is called independent measures
because different participants are used in each condition, making the
measurements independent.
7. Charla is studying responses to children's temper tantrums and
includes only individuals who do not have children. What method is
Charla using?
A) Random assignment
B) Holding constant
C) Matching
D) Random selection
Correct Answer: B) Holding constant
Rationale: By including only participants who do not have children,
, Charla is holding the variable of parental status constant to eliminate its
potential influence on the results.
8. Dominick is studying attitudes toward weight-loss methods and
includes only individuals with BMI of 25.0 or higher. What method is
Dominick using?
A) Random sampling
B) Matching
C) Restricted range
D) Counterbalancing
Correct Answer: C) Restricted range
Rationale: Dominick is restricting the range of BMI by only including
participants above a certain threshold, controlling for the potential
influence of BMI on attitudes.
9. Eric studies children's toy choices with three sets of blocks (natural,
primary colors, pastels). The outcome measure is whether boys play
with blocks or find other activities. What statistical test should Eric
use?
A) Independent t-test
B) Repeated measures ANOVA
C) Chi-square
D) Pearson correlation
Correct Answer: C) Chi-square
Rationale: The outcome measure is categorical (play with blocks or not),
making chi-square the appropriate test for analyzing frequency data
across multiple categories.
10. Except for the independent variable, the groups of participants
should receive exactly the same experiences. This principle is known
QUESTIONS SYSTEMATICALLY COVERING EVERY TESTED
CONCEPT – INCLUDING REPEATED MEASURES, INDEPENDENT
MEASURES, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS,
COUNTERBALANCING, CONTROL PROCEDURES, STATISTICAL
TEST SELECTION, AND INTERNAL VALIDITY THREATS – WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND FULL RATIONALES
1. Which type of design combines the advantages of both within-
subjects and between-subjects designs?
A) Factorial design
B) Matched subjects design
C) Correlational design
D) Quasi-experimental design
Correct Answer: B) Matched subjects design
Rationale: Matched subjects design pairs participants based on relevant
characteristics, then assigns one from each pair to different conditions.
This combines the error-reduction of within-subjects designs with the
independence of between-subjects designs.
2. What is the most simple and unbiased procedure for selecting
sequences in a within-subjects design?
A) Random number generator
B) Coin flip
C) Latin square
D) Stratified sampling
,Correct Answer: C) Latin square
Rationale: A Latin square systematically counterbalances conditions so
that each condition appears in each position equally often, controlling
for order effects in a simple, unbiased manner.
3. A within-subjects design is also known as which type of design?
A) Independent measures design
B) Repeated measures design
C) Between-subjects design
D) Correlational design
Correct Answer: B) Repeated measures design
Rationale: Within-subjects designs are called repeated measures
because the same participants are measured multiple times across
different conditions.
4. What is the primary advantage of using a within-subjects design?
A) Requires fewer statistical analyses
B) Treatment effects and individual differences are not linked
C) Eliminates the need for counterbalancing
D) Requires more participants than between-subjects designs
Correct Answer: B) Treatment effects and individual differences are
not linked
Rationale: In within-subjects designs, each participant serves as their
own control, so individual differences are constant across conditions
and do not confound treatment effects.
5. Angelo is studying reward magnitude on spelling performance using
a within-subjects design with $0.50 and $1 conditions. The number of
words spelled correctly is measured at a ratio level. What statistical
test should Angelo use?
,A) Independent samples t-test
B) Repeated measures t-test or repeated measures ANOVA
C) Chi-square test
D) Mann-Whitney U test
Correct Answer: B) Repeated measures t-test or repeated measures
ANOVA
Rationale: With a within-subjects design and ratio level data, the
appropriate tests are those that handle repeated measures, such as
repeated measures t-test or repeated measures ANOVA.
6. Another term for a between-subjects design is:
A) Repeated measures design
B) Independent measures design
C) Matched subjects design
D) Correlated groups design
Correct Answer: B) Independent measures design
Rationale: Between-subjects design is called independent measures
because different participants are used in each condition, making the
measurements independent.
7. Charla is studying responses to children's temper tantrums and
includes only individuals who do not have children. What method is
Charla using?
A) Random assignment
B) Holding constant
C) Matching
D) Random selection
Correct Answer: B) Holding constant
Rationale: By including only participants who do not have children,
, Charla is holding the variable of parental status constant to eliminate its
potential influence on the results.
8. Dominick is studying attitudes toward weight-loss methods and
includes only individuals with BMI of 25.0 or higher. What method is
Dominick using?
A) Random sampling
B) Matching
C) Restricted range
D) Counterbalancing
Correct Answer: C) Restricted range
Rationale: Dominick is restricting the range of BMI by only including
participants above a certain threshold, controlling for the potential
influence of BMI on attitudes.
9. Eric studies children's toy choices with three sets of blocks (natural,
primary colors, pastels). The outcome measure is whether boys play
with blocks or find other activities. What statistical test should Eric
use?
A) Independent t-test
B) Repeated measures ANOVA
C) Chi-square
D) Pearson correlation
Correct Answer: C) Chi-square
Rationale: The outcome measure is categorical (play with blocks or not),
making chi-square the appropriate test for analyzing frequency data
across multiple categories.
10. Except for the independent variable, the groups of participants
should receive exactly the same experiences. This principle is known
