POPULATION, SOCIETY, AND PUBLIC
POLICY EXAM REVIEW GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
●● Crude Birth rate. Answer: the number of live births per one thousand
of the population in a year
●● Crude Death rate. Answer: the number of deaths per one thousand of
the population in a year.
●● Natural Increase Rate (NIR). Answer: the difference between the
birth rate and the death rate. If it is positive, it is termed natural increase.
If it is negative it is known as natural decrease.
●● Demographic transition model. Answer: a model illustrating the
historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a
population.
●● Total fertility rate. Answer: the average number of children a woman
has during her lifetime.
●● Infant mortality rate. Answer: the number of deaths of children under
one year of age per thousand live births per year.
, ●● Life expectancy at birth. Answer: the average number of years a
newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels.
●● Optimum population. Answer: the best balance between a population
and the resources available to it. This is usually viewed as the population
giving the highest average living standards in a country.
●● Under population. Answer: when there are too few people in an area
to use the resources available effectively.
●● Overpopulation. Answer: when there are too many people in an area
relative to the resources and the level of technology available.
●● Pro-natalist policies. Answer: policies that promote larger families.
●● Population pyramid. Answer: A bar graph representing the
distribution of population by age and sex.
●● Economically active. Answer: Those aged between 16-64 who are
eligible to work
●● Anti Natalist policy. Answer: Population policies to slow population
growth by reducing births.
POLICY EXAM REVIEW GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
●● Crude Birth rate. Answer: the number of live births per one thousand
of the population in a year
●● Crude Death rate. Answer: the number of deaths per one thousand of
the population in a year.
●● Natural Increase Rate (NIR). Answer: the difference between the
birth rate and the death rate. If it is positive, it is termed natural increase.
If it is negative it is known as natural decrease.
●● Demographic transition model. Answer: a model illustrating the
historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a
population.
●● Total fertility rate. Answer: the average number of children a woman
has during her lifetime.
●● Infant mortality rate. Answer: the number of deaths of children under
one year of age per thousand live births per year.
, ●● Life expectancy at birth. Answer: the average number of years a
newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels.
●● Optimum population. Answer: the best balance between a population
and the resources available to it. This is usually viewed as the population
giving the highest average living standards in a country.
●● Under population. Answer: when there are too few people in an area
to use the resources available effectively.
●● Overpopulation. Answer: when there are too many people in an area
relative to the resources and the level of technology available.
●● Pro-natalist policies. Answer: policies that promote larger families.
●● Population pyramid. Answer: A bar graph representing the
distribution of population by age and sex.
●● Economically active. Answer: Those aged between 16-64 who are
eligible to work
●● Anti Natalist policy. Answer: Population policies to slow population
growth by reducing births.
