PORTAGE LEARNING ANATOMY 1 ACTUAL
EXAM PAPER 2026 COMPLETE Q&A STUDY
PACK
◉ Diffusion (passive transport)
Answer: net movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
◉ concentration gradient
Answer: difference between high and low concentrations
◉ facilitated diffusion
Answer: diffusion of lipid-insoluble or larger molecules across a
membrane
◉ channel-mediated diffusion
Answer: small water soluble molecules and ions must use a channel
to diffuse through the membrane
◉ aquaporins
Answer: channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water
, ◉ carrier-mediated diffusion
Answer: process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules
across the cell membrane
◉ Osmosis
Answer: movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher
solute concentration
◉ osmotic pressure
Answer: the force which moves water into a solution
◉ hydrostatic pressure
Answer: amount of force needed to stop osmosis
◉ tonicity
Answer: capacity of an extracellular solution to make water move
into or out of a cell via osmosis
◉ hypertonic solution
Answer: have a greater concentration of solutes than the inside of
the cell
EXAM PAPER 2026 COMPLETE Q&A STUDY
PACK
◉ Diffusion (passive transport)
Answer: net movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
◉ concentration gradient
Answer: difference between high and low concentrations
◉ facilitated diffusion
Answer: diffusion of lipid-insoluble or larger molecules across a
membrane
◉ channel-mediated diffusion
Answer: small water soluble molecules and ions must use a channel
to diffuse through the membrane
◉ aquaporins
Answer: channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water
, ◉ carrier-mediated diffusion
Answer: process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules
across the cell membrane
◉ Osmosis
Answer: movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher
solute concentration
◉ osmotic pressure
Answer: the force which moves water into a solution
◉ hydrostatic pressure
Answer: amount of force needed to stop osmosis
◉ tonicity
Answer: capacity of an extracellular solution to make water move
into or out of a cell via osmosis
◉ hypertonic solution
Answer: have a greater concentration of solutes than the inside of
the cell
