C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide.Final Test 2026\2027.
Alexia
The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury.
Apasia
Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.
Articulation
The act or manner of producing sounds.
Echolalia
Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone.
Hyperlexia
The superior ability to reads words without comprehension.
Lexicon
An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hearing loss or
permanent hearing loss.
Receptive Language Disorder
The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read.
Expressive Language Disorder
The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that make sense and is
grammatically correct.
Phonology
Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t).
Syntax
The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex: words and
punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases.
Semantics
Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last stop
Discourse
, C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide.Final Test 2026\2027.
Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex: Formal writing, a speech.
Morphology
The smallest unit of language that convey meaning. Ex: Root words
Pragmatics
Incapable of understanding the speakers intent (requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down
the T.V.? = means no; not yes.
Alphabetic Language
A language in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds.
Alphabetic Principle
The use of letters and letter clusters to represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling)
Anglo Saxon
The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in
the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest
in 1066.
Analytic Instruction
Instruction that separates the whole into its parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part)
(Top Down) (Concept driven)
Analytic Phonics
Students hear the whole word and segment into phonemes or sounds in order to spell.
(whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t)
Antonyms
Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics)
Arbitrary Learning
New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge or practical
relationships.
Auditory
relating to or experienced through hearing.
Visual Acuity
Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given
distance according to a fixed standard. EX: 20/20 vision
Alexia
The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury.
Apasia
Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.
Articulation
The act or manner of producing sounds.
Echolalia
Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone.
Hyperlexia
The superior ability to reads words without comprehension.
Lexicon
An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hearing loss or
permanent hearing loss.
Receptive Language Disorder
The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read.
Expressive Language Disorder
The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that make sense and is
grammatically correct.
Phonology
Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t).
Syntax
The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex: words and
punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases.
Semantics
Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last stop
Discourse
, C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide.Final Test 2026\2027.
Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex: Formal writing, a speech.
Morphology
The smallest unit of language that convey meaning. Ex: Root words
Pragmatics
Incapable of understanding the speakers intent (requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down
the T.V.? = means no; not yes.
Alphabetic Language
A language in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds.
Alphabetic Principle
The use of letters and letter clusters to represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling)
Anglo Saxon
The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in
the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest
in 1066.
Analytic Instruction
Instruction that separates the whole into its parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part)
(Top Down) (Concept driven)
Analytic Phonics
Students hear the whole word and segment into phonemes or sounds in order to spell.
(whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t)
Antonyms
Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics)
Arbitrary Learning
New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge or practical
relationships.
Auditory
relating to or experienced through hearing.
Visual Acuity
Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given
distance according to a fixed standard. EX: 20/20 vision
