Psychology 1010 Exam #1 with Accurate
Solutions
______________________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they
are in the experimental or the control group, and the experimenters also do not know
which participants are part of which group. - ANS-The double-blind study
Experimenters can justify the use of deception only if ___________. - ANS-it is
necessary for the experiment to work, and participants are debriefed afterwards
The goals of psychology are to _____. - ANS-describe, understand, predict, and control
behavior
Who was an early proponent of functionalism? - ANS-William James
Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were
__________. - ANS-repressed conflicts; learned
Sigmund Freud and his contributions - ANS-Psychoanalysis. Unconscious or unaware
mind where we repress threatening urges or desires. Importance in early childhood
experiences.
John B. Watson and his contributions - ANS-Behaviorism. The science focusing on
observable behavior only. Must be directly seen and measured. Based on Palov's work.
A reflex can be conditioned. Phobias are learned. "Little Albert" taught to fear a white
rat.
Cognitive Perspective - ANS-Focuses on memory, intelligence, problem solving and
learning.
Evolutionary Perspective - ANS-Focuses on the biological basis of universal mental
characteristics that all humans share. Considers the way the mind works and why.
Behavior is seen as having an adaptive or survival value.
The four descriptive methods of research: - ANS-Naturalistic observation, laboratory
observation, case studies, surveys
Naturalistic observation - ANS-Watching animals or humans behave in their normal
environment.
, Laboratory observation - ANS-Watching animals or humans behave in a laboratory
setting.
Case studies - ANS-Study of one individual in great detail. Phineas Gage.
Surveys - ANS-Researchers ask a series of questions about the topic under study.
Given to a representative sample.
Positive correlation - ANS-Variables are related in the same direction. As one increases
the other decreases; as one decreases the other decreases.
Does correlation equal causation? Why or why not? - ANS-No. Because just because
there is a correlation it does not mean one variable caused the other to happen. Another
variable may have been the cause.
The two groups in experimental research - ANS-Experimental vs. control groups
Experimental groups - ANS-Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the
independent variable.
Control groups - ANS-Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the
independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment.
Correlation - ANS-Positive and negative. A measure of the relationship between two
variables.
Corpus Callosum - ANS-A wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the
eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral
hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white
matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200-250 million contralateral axonal
projections.
Two major divisions of the nervous system - ANS-Central nervous system (brain and
spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (somatic nervous system and autonomic
nervous system, which splits into the parasympathetic division and sympathetic division)
Sympathetic division - ANS-Prepares the body to react and expend energy in times of
stress.
Neurons - ANS-The basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives
and sends messages within that system.
Dendrites - ANS-Branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons.
Axons - ANS-Long tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells.
Solutions
______________________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they
are in the experimental or the control group, and the experimenters also do not know
which participants are part of which group. - ANS-The double-blind study
Experimenters can justify the use of deception only if ___________. - ANS-it is
necessary for the experiment to work, and participants are debriefed afterwards
The goals of psychology are to _____. - ANS-describe, understand, predict, and control
behavior
Who was an early proponent of functionalism? - ANS-William James
Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were
__________. - ANS-repressed conflicts; learned
Sigmund Freud and his contributions - ANS-Psychoanalysis. Unconscious or unaware
mind where we repress threatening urges or desires. Importance in early childhood
experiences.
John B. Watson and his contributions - ANS-Behaviorism. The science focusing on
observable behavior only. Must be directly seen and measured. Based on Palov's work.
A reflex can be conditioned. Phobias are learned. "Little Albert" taught to fear a white
rat.
Cognitive Perspective - ANS-Focuses on memory, intelligence, problem solving and
learning.
Evolutionary Perspective - ANS-Focuses on the biological basis of universal mental
characteristics that all humans share. Considers the way the mind works and why.
Behavior is seen as having an adaptive or survival value.
The four descriptive methods of research: - ANS-Naturalistic observation, laboratory
observation, case studies, surveys
Naturalistic observation - ANS-Watching animals or humans behave in their normal
environment.
, Laboratory observation - ANS-Watching animals or humans behave in a laboratory
setting.
Case studies - ANS-Study of one individual in great detail. Phineas Gage.
Surveys - ANS-Researchers ask a series of questions about the topic under study.
Given to a representative sample.
Positive correlation - ANS-Variables are related in the same direction. As one increases
the other decreases; as one decreases the other decreases.
Does correlation equal causation? Why or why not? - ANS-No. Because just because
there is a correlation it does not mean one variable caused the other to happen. Another
variable may have been the cause.
The two groups in experimental research - ANS-Experimental vs. control groups
Experimental groups - ANS-Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the
independent variable.
Control groups - ANS-Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the
independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment.
Correlation - ANS-Positive and negative. A measure of the relationship between two
variables.
Corpus Callosum - ANS-A wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the
eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral
hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white
matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200-250 million contralateral axonal
projections.
Two major divisions of the nervous system - ANS-Central nervous system (brain and
spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (somatic nervous system and autonomic
nervous system, which splits into the parasympathetic division and sympathetic division)
Sympathetic division - ANS-Prepares the body to react and expend energy in times of
stress.
Neurons - ANS-The basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives
and sends messages within that system.
Dendrites - ANS-Branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons.
Axons - ANS-Long tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells.
