Psychology 1010 BGSU Exam 1 with
Complete Solutions
Psychology - ANSWER-scientific study of behavior and the mind
Psychology's main goals - ANSWER-1) describe-observe carefully and describe
accurately
2) explain-reasons people know and don't know about what influences their psychology
3) predict-direct applied impact in many fields
4) control-self-control, other-control, awareness of the explanations gives control
Epigenetics - ANSWER-framework for understanding how the expression of genes is
influenced by experiences and the environment to produce individual differences in
behavior, cognition, personality, and mental health
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER-father of psychology (founder) whose focus was on
consciousness
Edward Titchner - ANSWER-pupil of Wundt who was a structuralist
Structuralism - ANSWER-Identify the basic building blocks or structures of the mind
(HOW?)
Functionalism - ANSWER-Investigate the purposes or functions of consciousness
(WHY?)
William James - ANSWER-He set up the first psychology department in the USA and
developed the functionalist school of thought
Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER-by Wertheimer, field of psychology arguing that we
have inborn tendencies to structure our perceptions into broad perceptual units
Psychoanalytic Perspective - ANSWER-Sigmund Freud's theory. Deals with early
childhood memories/experiences unconscious events of human behavior.
Recessive trait - ANSWER-expressed only when homozygous
Heritable trait - ANSWER-temperament-biologically based tendencies to respond to
certain situations in similar ways through our lifetimes
, Prenatal psychology - ANSWER-a time when development can be significantly
influenced
Vulnerable period - ANSWER-
Teratogens - ANSWER-environmental agents that can interfere with a fetus's
development during gestation, alcohol, medicine, minerals
Stage Theories - ANSWER-
Piaget's Stage Theory of cognitive development - ANSWER-cognitive development,
changes in thinking that occur over the course of time
Schemata - ANSWER-Piaget's proposed mental structures or frameworks for
understanding or thinking about the world
Assimilation - ANSWER-adding new information to your schemata
Accommodation - ANSWER-changing your schemata based on abstract/unobservable
information as development proceeds
Sensorimotor (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-Birth to age 2, "thinks" by
using senses and motor skills; no thought beyond immediate experience, memory
development
Properational (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-age 2-7, able to hold ideas of
objects in imagination; unable to consider another's point of view or distinguish between
cause and effect, egocentric problems
Concrete operational (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-age 7-11, can think
about complex relationships (cause and effects, categorization); understands
conversation; unable to think abstractly or hypothetically,
Formal operation (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-age 11 on, able to think
abstractly and hypothetically, conservation test
strange situation: Secure attachment - ANSWER-exploring for caregiver and
reunification calms child
strange situation: anxious/Avoidant - ANSWER-mild/no distress on departure
strange situation: anxious/Ambivalent - ANSWER-preoccupied with caregiver/resist
contract on reunion
Complete Solutions
Psychology - ANSWER-scientific study of behavior and the mind
Psychology's main goals - ANSWER-1) describe-observe carefully and describe
accurately
2) explain-reasons people know and don't know about what influences their psychology
3) predict-direct applied impact in many fields
4) control-self-control, other-control, awareness of the explanations gives control
Epigenetics - ANSWER-framework for understanding how the expression of genes is
influenced by experiences and the environment to produce individual differences in
behavior, cognition, personality, and mental health
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER-father of psychology (founder) whose focus was on
consciousness
Edward Titchner - ANSWER-pupil of Wundt who was a structuralist
Structuralism - ANSWER-Identify the basic building blocks or structures of the mind
(HOW?)
Functionalism - ANSWER-Investigate the purposes or functions of consciousness
(WHY?)
William James - ANSWER-He set up the first psychology department in the USA and
developed the functionalist school of thought
Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER-by Wertheimer, field of psychology arguing that we
have inborn tendencies to structure our perceptions into broad perceptual units
Psychoanalytic Perspective - ANSWER-Sigmund Freud's theory. Deals with early
childhood memories/experiences unconscious events of human behavior.
Recessive trait - ANSWER-expressed only when homozygous
Heritable trait - ANSWER-temperament-biologically based tendencies to respond to
certain situations in similar ways through our lifetimes
, Prenatal psychology - ANSWER-a time when development can be significantly
influenced
Vulnerable period - ANSWER-
Teratogens - ANSWER-environmental agents that can interfere with a fetus's
development during gestation, alcohol, medicine, minerals
Stage Theories - ANSWER-
Piaget's Stage Theory of cognitive development - ANSWER-cognitive development,
changes in thinking that occur over the course of time
Schemata - ANSWER-Piaget's proposed mental structures or frameworks for
understanding or thinking about the world
Assimilation - ANSWER-adding new information to your schemata
Accommodation - ANSWER-changing your schemata based on abstract/unobservable
information as development proceeds
Sensorimotor (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-Birth to age 2, "thinks" by
using senses and motor skills; no thought beyond immediate experience, memory
development
Properational (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-age 2-7, able to hold ideas of
objects in imagination; unable to consider another's point of view or distinguish between
cause and effect, egocentric problems
Concrete operational (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-age 7-11, can think
about complex relationships (cause and effects, categorization); understands
conversation; unable to think abstractly or hypothetically,
Formal operation (piaget congnitive development) - ANSWER-age 11 on, able to think
abstractly and hypothetically, conservation test
strange situation: Secure attachment - ANSWER-exploring for caregiver and
reunification calms child
strange situation: anxious/Avoidant - ANSWER-mild/no distress on departure
strange situation: anxious/Ambivalent - ANSWER-preoccupied with caregiver/resist
contract on reunion
