Psyc. 1010 - Test 3 (textbook notes) with
Accurate Solutions
Learning - correct Answer-A process by which behavior or knowledge changes as a
result of experience.
Classical Conditioning - correct Answer-A form of associative learning in which an
organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically relevant stimulus.
Stimulus - correct Answer-An external event or cue that elicits a perceptual response.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - correct Answer-A stimulus that elicits a reflexive
response without learning.
Unconditioned Response (UR) - correct Answer-A reflexive, unlearned reaction to an
unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - correct Answer-A once-neutral stimulus that later elicits a
conditioned response due to being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR) - correct Answer-The learned response that occurs to the
conditioned stimulus.
Short-term memory (STM) - correct Answer-A memory store with limited capacity and
duration, approximately 30 seconds.
Capacity of STM - correct Answer-STM can rehearse only seven units of information at
once before forgetting something.
Chunking - correct Answer-The process of organizing smaller units of information into
larger, more meaningful units.
Long-term memory (LTM) - correct Answer-A memory store that holds information for
extended periods of time, if not permanently.
Encoding - correct Answer-The process that allows information to enter long-term
memory (LTM).
Retrieval - correct Answer-The process of accessing memorized information and
returning it to short-term memory.
, Rehearsal - correct Answer-Repeating information until it is no longer needed to be
remembered.
Working memory - correct Answer-A model of short-term remembering that includes a
combination of memory components for temporarily storing small amounts of
information.
Phonological loop - correct Answer-A storage component of working memory that relies
on rehearsal and stores information as sounds.
Word-length effect - correct Answer-The phenomenon where people remember more
one-syllable words than longer words in a short-term memory task.
Visuospatial sketchpad - correct Answer-A storage component of working memory that
maintains visual images and spatial layouts.
Feature binding - correct Answer-The process of combining visual features into a single
unit.
Episodic buffer - correct Answer-A storage component of working memory that
combines images and sounds into coherent, story-like episodes.
Central executive - correct Answer-The control center of working memory that
coordinates attention and the exchange of information among the storage components.
Declarative memories - correct Answer-Memories that we are consciously aware of and
can verbalize, including facts and personal experiences.
Nondeclarative memories - correct Answer-Memories that include actions or behaviors
that can be remembered and performed without awareness.
Episodic memories - correct Answer-Declarative memories for personal experiences
organized around episodes and recalled from a first-person perspective.
Semantic memories - correct Answer-Declarative memories that include facts about the
world.
Procedural memory - correct Answer-A type of nondeclarative memory involving
learned patterns of muscle movements.
Classical conditioning - correct Answer-A form of nondeclarative memory where a
neutral stimulus produces a response due to pairing with another stimulus.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) - correct Answer-An enduring increase in connectivity and
transmission of neural signals between nerve cells that fire together.
Accurate Solutions
Learning - correct Answer-A process by which behavior or knowledge changes as a
result of experience.
Classical Conditioning - correct Answer-A form of associative learning in which an
organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically relevant stimulus.
Stimulus - correct Answer-An external event or cue that elicits a perceptual response.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - correct Answer-A stimulus that elicits a reflexive
response without learning.
Unconditioned Response (UR) - correct Answer-A reflexive, unlearned reaction to an
unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - correct Answer-A once-neutral stimulus that later elicits a
conditioned response due to being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR) - correct Answer-The learned response that occurs to the
conditioned stimulus.
Short-term memory (STM) - correct Answer-A memory store with limited capacity and
duration, approximately 30 seconds.
Capacity of STM - correct Answer-STM can rehearse only seven units of information at
once before forgetting something.
Chunking - correct Answer-The process of organizing smaller units of information into
larger, more meaningful units.
Long-term memory (LTM) - correct Answer-A memory store that holds information for
extended periods of time, if not permanently.
Encoding - correct Answer-The process that allows information to enter long-term
memory (LTM).
Retrieval - correct Answer-The process of accessing memorized information and
returning it to short-term memory.
, Rehearsal - correct Answer-Repeating information until it is no longer needed to be
remembered.
Working memory - correct Answer-A model of short-term remembering that includes a
combination of memory components for temporarily storing small amounts of
information.
Phonological loop - correct Answer-A storage component of working memory that relies
on rehearsal and stores information as sounds.
Word-length effect - correct Answer-The phenomenon where people remember more
one-syllable words than longer words in a short-term memory task.
Visuospatial sketchpad - correct Answer-A storage component of working memory that
maintains visual images and spatial layouts.
Feature binding - correct Answer-The process of combining visual features into a single
unit.
Episodic buffer - correct Answer-A storage component of working memory that
combines images and sounds into coherent, story-like episodes.
Central executive - correct Answer-The control center of working memory that
coordinates attention and the exchange of information among the storage components.
Declarative memories - correct Answer-Memories that we are consciously aware of and
can verbalize, including facts and personal experiences.
Nondeclarative memories - correct Answer-Memories that include actions or behaviors
that can be remembered and performed without awareness.
Episodic memories - correct Answer-Declarative memories for personal experiences
organized around episodes and recalled from a first-person perspective.
Semantic memories - correct Answer-Declarative memories that include facts about the
world.
Procedural memory - correct Answer-A type of nondeclarative memory involving
learned patterns of muscle movements.
Classical conditioning - correct Answer-A form of nondeclarative memory where a
neutral stimulus produces a response due to pairing with another stimulus.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) - correct Answer-An enduring increase in connectivity and
transmission of neural signals between nerve cells that fire together.
