PSYC 1010 UVA Mazurek Exam #1
Questions and Answers
psychology - ANS-scientific study of behavior and mental processes
objective introspection - ANS-the process of examining and measuring one's own
thoughts and mental activities
structuralism - ANS-early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and
Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the
mind
functionalism - ANS-early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in
which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
gestalt psychology - ANS-early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and
sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures
psychoanalysis - ANS-an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the
revealing of unconscious conflicts; Freud's term for both the theory of personality and
the therapy based on it
behaviorism - ANS-the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
psychodynamic perspective - ANS-modern version of psychoanalysis that is more
focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind
a person's behavior other than sexual motivations
experimenter effect - ANS-tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to
unintentionally influence the results of the study
single-blind study - ANS-study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the
experimental or the control group
double-blind study - ANS-study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know
if the subjects are in the experimental or the control group
nervous system - ANS-an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information
to and from all parts of the body
, neuroscience - ANS-a branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and
function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue
biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience - ANS-branch of neuroscience that
focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning
neuron - ANS-the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and
sends messages within that system
dendrites - ANS-branchlike structures of a neuron that receive messages from other
neurons
soma - ANS-the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell
axon - ANS-tubelike structure of neuron that carries the neural message from the cell
body to the axon terminals, for communication with other cells
axon terminals - ANS-enlarged ends of axonal branches of the neuron, specialized for
communication between cells
glial cells - ANS-cells that provide support for the neuron to grow on and around, deliver
nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead
neurons, influence information processing, and, during prenatal development, influence
the generation of new neurons
myelin - ANS-fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of
neurons to inflate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse
nerves - ANS-bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through the body
diffusion - ANS-process of molecules moving from areas of high concentration to areas
of low concentration
resting potential - ANS-the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse
action potential - ANS-the release of the neural impulse, consisting of a reversal of the
electrical charge within the axon
all-or-none - ANS-referring to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not
fire at all
synaptic vesicles - ANS-saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing
chemicals
neurotransmitters - ANS-chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released,
has an effect on the next cell
Questions and Answers
psychology - ANS-scientific study of behavior and mental processes
objective introspection - ANS-the process of examining and measuring one's own
thoughts and mental activities
structuralism - ANS-early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and
Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the
mind
functionalism - ANS-early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in
which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
gestalt psychology - ANS-early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and
sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures
psychoanalysis - ANS-an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the
revealing of unconscious conflicts; Freud's term for both the theory of personality and
the therapy based on it
behaviorism - ANS-the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
psychodynamic perspective - ANS-modern version of psychoanalysis that is more
focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind
a person's behavior other than sexual motivations
experimenter effect - ANS-tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to
unintentionally influence the results of the study
single-blind study - ANS-study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the
experimental or the control group
double-blind study - ANS-study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know
if the subjects are in the experimental or the control group
nervous system - ANS-an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information
to and from all parts of the body
, neuroscience - ANS-a branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and
function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue
biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience - ANS-branch of neuroscience that
focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning
neuron - ANS-the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and that receives and
sends messages within that system
dendrites - ANS-branchlike structures of a neuron that receive messages from other
neurons
soma - ANS-the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell
axon - ANS-tubelike structure of neuron that carries the neural message from the cell
body to the axon terminals, for communication with other cells
axon terminals - ANS-enlarged ends of axonal branches of the neuron, specialized for
communication between cells
glial cells - ANS-cells that provide support for the neuron to grow on and around, deliver
nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead
neurons, influence information processing, and, during prenatal development, influence
the generation of new neurons
myelin - ANS-fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of
neurons to inflate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse
nerves - ANS-bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through the body
diffusion - ANS-process of molecules moving from areas of high concentration to areas
of low concentration
resting potential - ANS-the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse
action potential - ANS-the release of the neural impulse, consisting of a reversal of the
electrical charge within the axon
all-or-none - ANS-referring to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not
fire at all
synaptic vesicles - ANS-saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing
chemicals
neurotransmitters - ANS-chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released,
has an effect on the next cell
