PSYC 1010 Final Exam with Accurate
Solutions
In Watson's classic studies with a baby, rats became conditioned stimuli for - ANSWER-
fear
A psychologist wants to see how much caffeine benefits students who have not slept
well. She gives some students strong coffee and other students decaffeinated coffee
(but doesn't tell them which they get!). After a 5 minute break, she has them take a short
quiz. In terms of the study design, type of drink (caffeinated or non-caffeinated) would
be called the _________variable, and the students' quiz performance would be called
________ variable. - ANSWER-Indepedent, Dependent
Some rats were given no food rewards in a maze during their first 10 times, but after
finding food on the 11th time, in their 12th time they were just as fast reaching the food
spot as were rats that had been rewarded at that spot every time.
Tolman called this evidence of __________? - ANSWER-Latent Learning
As outlined in your textbook and in lecture, there are three fundamental ideas about our
behavior and mental experiences--conceived before psychology was recognized as a
scientific discipline—that are still psychology's foundation. List the three ideas in any
order. - ANSWER-Have physical causes and can be studied scientifically, are modified
by environmental experience, are products of evolution by natural selection
Write your own illustration of negative reinforcement - ANSWER-Danny took out the
trash without being asked, so his dad let him skip doing the dishes. (desired behavior
results in removal of aversive stimulus)
Descartes considered the soul's main function to be - ANSWER-thought
Why does classical conditioning make it dangerous for a drug addict to take their drug in
an unfamiliar environment? - ANSWER-Because the body is used to counteracting the
effect of the drug based on stimulus in the environment so if the drug addict ups the
dosage without the body counteracting the drug then it will overwhelm their body
Hobbes attributed conscious thought to the physical processes of the brain. His general
philosophy is known as - ANSWER-Materialism
Which 17th century philosopher is known for conceptualizing a child's mind as white
paper (tabula rasa or blank slate) that is "furnished" solely by environmental interaction?
- ANSWER-John Locke
, _________ study designs allow you to make causal inferences - ANSWER-
experimental
Religion does not fall within the realm of science because the hypotheses proposed by
religion are neither __________ nor ___________ - ANSWER-testable, falsifiable
WEIRD - ANSWER-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
Biologists and psychologists who think in evolutionary terms find it useful to distinguish
between two kinds of explanations of behavior: _________ and ___________ -
ANSWER-distal and proximate
A foolish biker riding down the street without a helmet crashes and suffers damage to
Broca's area. What deficit in function will he most likely have? - ANSWER-He will be
unable to comprehend the elementary grammar of a sentence
An experimenter runs a study similar to the one demonstrated in class to make a rough
estimate of neuronal speed of transmission. She has a group of 10 students sit in a
circle and squeeze each other's ankles in succession. She times how long it takes for
the squeezing "signal" to return to the starting participant. A second group of 10
students does the same procedure, except they squeeze each other's shoulders. What
kind of research design is this? - ANSWER-Between-groups, experimental
What's the best "take-home message" from findings such as Clark's nutcrackers'
extraordinary ability to find seeds they have hidden in thousands of different sites and
Pacific salmons' ability to find their way home to their birth stream after years in the
ocean? - ANSWER-Diverse innate specialized learning abilities result from natural
selection
If punishment is used to modify behavior, it needs which of the following characteristics
in order to be effective and avoid unintended negative consequences: - ANSWER-
Come quickly and consistently after the undesired behavior, and be aversive but not
abusive.
We installed a standard "electric fence" for dogs (an invisible electric perimeter) and
fitted him with the special collar that beeps when he gets close to the perimeter and
shocks him if he crosses. We walked with him a few times to teach him the contingency
between the sound and getting shocked. It didn't take many trials to stop his behavior of
walking out of the yard!
What kind of conditioning is involved? - ANSWER-operant, classical
If you want to foster a rapid rate of responding, but also have the responding be
relatively slow to extinguish once reinforcements end, which of these partial
reinforcement schedules should you choose? - ANSWER-variable ratio
Solutions
In Watson's classic studies with a baby, rats became conditioned stimuli for - ANSWER-
fear
A psychologist wants to see how much caffeine benefits students who have not slept
well. She gives some students strong coffee and other students decaffeinated coffee
(but doesn't tell them which they get!). After a 5 minute break, she has them take a short
quiz. In terms of the study design, type of drink (caffeinated or non-caffeinated) would
be called the _________variable, and the students' quiz performance would be called
________ variable. - ANSWER-Indepedent, Dependent
Some rats were given no food rewards in a maze during their first 10 times, but after
finding food on the 11th time, in their 12th time they were just as fast reaching the food
spot as were rats that had been rewarded at that spot every time.
Tolman called this evidence of __________? - ANSWER-Latent Learning
As outlined in your textbook and in lecture, there are three fundamental ideas about our
behavior and mental experiences--conceived before psychology was recognized as a
scientific discipline—that are still psychology's foundation. List the three ideas in any
order. - ANSWER-Have physical causes and can be studied scientifically, are modified
by environmental experience, are products of evolution by natural selection
Write your own illustration of negative reinforcement - ANSWER-Danny took out the
trash without being asked, so his dad let him skip doing the dishes. (desired behavior
results in removal of aversive stimulus)
Descartes considered the soul's main function to be - ANSWER-thought
Why does classical conditioning make it dangerous for a drug addict to take their drug in
an unfamiliar environment? - ANSWER-Because the body is used to counteracting the
effect of the drug based on stimulus in the environment so if the drug addict ups the
dosage without the body counteracting the drug then it will overwhelm their body
Hobbes attributed conscious thought to the physical processes of the brain. His general
philosophy is known as - ANSWER-Materialism
Which 17th century philosopher is known for conceptualizing a child's mind as white
paper (tabula rasa or blank slate) that is "furnished" solely by environmental interaction?
- ANSWER-John Locke
, _________ study designs allow you to make causal inferences - ANSWER-
experimental
Religion does not fall within the realm of science because the hypotheses proposed by
religion are neither __________ nor ___________ - ANSWER-testable, falsifiable
WEIRD - ANSWER-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
Biologists and psychologists who think in evolutionary terms find it useful to distinguish
between two kinds of explanations of behavior: _________ and ___________ -
ANSWER-distal and proximate
A foolish biker riding down the street without a helmet crashes and suffers damage to
Broca's area. What deficit in function will he most likely have? - ANSWER-He will be
unable to comprehend the elementary grammar of a sentence
An experimenter runs a study similar to the one demonstrated in class to make a rough
estimate of neuronal speed of transmission. She has a group of 10 students sit in a
circle and squeeze each other's ankles in succession. She times how long it takes for
the squeezing "signal" to return to the starting participant. A second group of 10
students does the same procedure, except they squeeze each other's shoulders. What
kind of research design is this? - ANSWER-Between-groups, experimental
What's the best "take-home message" from findings such as Clark's nutcrackers'
extraordinary ability to find seeds they have hidden in thousands of different sites and
Pacific salmons' ability to find their way home to their birth stream after years in the
ocean? - ANSWER-Diverse innate specialized learning abilities result from natural
selection
If punishment is used to modify behavior, it needs which of the following characteristics
in order to be effective and avoid unintended negative consequences: - ANSWER-
Come quickly and consistently after the undesired behavior, and be aversive but not
abusive.
We installed a standard "electric fence" for dogs (an invisible electric perimeter) and
fitted him with the special collar that beeps when he gets close to the perimeter and
shocks him if he crosses. We walked with him a few times to teach him the contingency
between the sound and getting shocked. It didn't take many trials to stop his behavior of
walking out of the yard!
What kind of conditioning is involved? - ANSWER-operant, classical
If you want to foster a rapid rate of responding, but also have the responding be
relatively slow to extinguish once reinforcements end, which of these partial
reinforcement schedules should you choose? - ANSWER-variable ratio
