Psyc 1010 Final Exam Study Guide Latest
Updated
What defines psychology as a field of study - ANSWER-Psychology is the scientific
study of behavior and mental processes
what are psychology's four primary goals? - ANSWER-description, explanation,
prediction, and control
psychodynamic perspective - ANSWER-how behavior springs from unconscious drives
and conflicts
The id - ANSWER-The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and
unconscious desires.
The ego - ANSWER-The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the
demands of the real world
The superego - ANSWER-The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is
tasked with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals.
Behavioral Perspective - ANSWER-how environmental variables reinforce actions
The Cognitive Perspective - ANSWER-focuses on mental processes like memory,
thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making
The Biological Perspective - ANSWER-how the brain and nervous system impact
behavior
The Cross-Cultural Perspective - ANSWER-how cultural and social influences
contribute to behavior
The Evolutionary Perspective - ANSWER-focuses on the study of how the theory of
evolution can explain physiological processes.
Humanistic Perspective - ANSWER-emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and
behavior
June Gruber's research on the amount, way and timing of happiness for optimal positive
outcomes - ANSWER-a person's focus on the pursuit of happiness as a prioritized goal
, may paradoxically lead to feelings of unhappiness and difficulties with mood as well as
increase risks for mental health issues
gender differences and emotion - ANSWER-Women have higher emotional intelligence
genders did tend to differ in emotional self-awareness, interpersonal relationship, self-
regard, and empathy, with females scoring higher than males
cultural bias in intelligence testing - ANSWER-When conducting testing, cultural bias in
intelligence testing may contribute to misdiagnosis and other errors and, as a result,
have serious implications for the individuals involved in the assessment
What is the nature vs. nurture debate? - ANSWER-The nature versus nurture debate
involves whether human behavior is determined by the environment, either prenatal or
during a person's life, or by a person's genes
How do identical twin studies support "nature" as a factor in intelligence? - ANSWER-
Any differences between identical twins is expected to be due to environmental (nature)
factors since they are genetically identical
What did Stanford Binet propose - ANSWER-that IQ scores based on mental age and
chronological age.
how mental age and chronological age are used to yield an IQ score - ANSWER-Mental
age, intelligence test score, expressed as the chronological age for which a given level
of performance is average or typical. An individual's mental age is then divided by his
chronological age and multiplied by 100, yielding an intelligence quotient (IQ).
Wechsler Adult Intelligence test (WAIS) - ANSWER-the most widely used intelligence
test
Is it possible for a test to be reliable (yield consistent scores) but lack construct validity
(i.e. accuracy, not measure what it is intended to measure) - ANSWER-Yes
what do extremely low or extremely high IQ scores do for academic performance -
ANSWER-extremely low or extremely high IQ scores are most predictive of academic
performance
bodily responses to stress - ANSWER-alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
what is the importance of cognitive appraisal in the experience of stress - ANSWER-
Cognitive appraisals can be a very useful way of gaining insight into a person's
perception of themselves, their environment, and their ability to cope with stressful
situations.
Updated
What defines psychology as a field of study - ANSWER-Psychology is the scientific
study of behavior and mental processes
what are psychology's four primary goals? - ANSWER-description, explanation,
prediction, and control
psychodynamic perspective - ANSWER-how behavior springs from unconscious drives
and conflicts
The id - ANSWER-The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and
unconscious desires.
The ego - ANSWER-The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the
demands of the real world
The superego - ANSWER-The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is
tasked with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals.
Behavioral Perspective - ANSWER-how environmental variables reinforce actions
The Cognitive Perspective - ANSWER-focuses on mental processes like memory,
thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making
The Biological Perspective - ANSWER-how the brain and nervous system impact
behavior
The Cross-Cultural Perspective - ANSWER-how cultural and social influences
contribute to behavior
The Evolutionary Perspective - ANSWER-focuses on the study of how the theory of
evolution can explain physiological processes.
Humanistic Perspective - ANSWER-emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and
behavior
June Gruber's research on the amount, way and timing of happiness for optimal positive
outcomes - ANSWER-a person's focus on the pursuit of happiness as a prioritized goal
, may paradoxically lead to feelings of unhappiness and difficulties with mood as well as
increase risks for mental health issues
gender differences and emotion - ANSWER-Women have higher emotional intelligence
genders did tend to differ in emotional self-awareness, interpersonal relationship, self-
regard, and empathy, with females scoring higher than males
cultural bias in intelligence testing - ANSWER-When conducting testing, cultural bias in
intelligence testing may contribute to misdiagnosis and other errors and, as a result,
have serious implications for the individuals involved in the assessment
What is the nature vs. nurture debate? - ANSWER-The nature versus nurture debate
involves whether human behavior is determined by the environment, either prenatal or
during a person's life, or by a person's genes
How do identical twin studies support "nature" as a factor in intelligence? - ANSWER-
Any differences between identical twins is expected to be due to environmental (nature)
factors since they are genetically identical
What did Stanford Binet propose - ANSWER-that IQ scores based on mental age and
chronological age.
how mental age and chronological age are used to yield an IQ score - ANSWER-Mental
age, intelligence test score, expressed as the chronological age for which a given level
of performance is average or typical. An individual's mental age is then divided by his
chronological age and multiplied by 100, yielding an intelligence quotient (IQ).
Wechsler Adult Intelligence test (WAIS) - ANSWER-the most widely used intelligence
test
Is it possible for a test to be reliable (yield consistent scores) but lack construct validity
(i.e. accuracy, not measure what it is intended to measure) - ANSWER-Yes
what do extremely low or extremely high IQ scores do for academic performance -
ANSWER-extremely low or extremely high IQ scores are most predictive of academic
performance
bodily responses to stress - ANSWER-alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
what is the importance of cognitive appraisal in the experience of stress - ANSWER-
Cognitive appraisals can be a very useful way of gaining insight into a person's
perception of themselves, their environment, and their ability to cope with stressful
situations.
