PORTAGE LEARNING NURS231
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL PRACTICE TEST
2026 QUESTION BANK AND CORRECT
ANSWERS REVIEW
◉ Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a classic
manifestation of acute inflammation with its corresponding cause?
Answer: Dolor - inflammatory cells infiltrating sensory nerves
◉ B cells are primarily associated with humoral immunity. Answer:
true
◉ T cells mature in the thymus and are active in cellular immunity.
Answer: true
◉ B lymphocytes normally produce antibodies against host tissues.
Answer: false
◉ Antibodies are also known as ______? Answer: immunoglobulin
◉ Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions can be treated
with the administration of epinephrine Answer: type 1
,◉ Which cell is NOT part of the adaptive immune response? Answer:
monocytes
◉ Features of systemic lupus erythematosus include all of the
following except Answer: Exophthalmos
◉ What are the 2 factors that play a role in the development of
autoimmune diseases? Answer: genetics and environmental factors
◉ A 40-year-old man presents with cough and shortness of breath.
After an H&P and chest films, it is determined he has pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia (PCP). The provider does an HIV test, which is
positive. Upon further testing, the man's CD4+ cell count is 100
cells/µL and his viral load is 250,000 copies/mL. (1) Why did the
provider do an HIV test after the man was diagnosed with PCP? (2)
What classification does this man fall into based on his CD4+ count
and symptomatology, and why Answer: (1) Opportunistic infections
are those common organisms that do not produce infection without
impaired immune function. (2) The last phase, or AIDS illness,
occurs when the CD4+ cell count falls to less than 200 cells/µL or
exhibits an AIDS-defining illness. The risk of opportunistic infections
and death increases significantly when the CD4+ cell count falls
below 200 cells/µL.
◉ Which process is NOT included in wound healing? Answer: Acute-
phase response
,◉ While labile and stable cells can regenerate themselves, _______
cells are unable to undergo mitotic division. Answer: Permanent
cells
◉ ____ disorders occur when the immune system fails to differentiate
self from non-self. Answer: autoimmune
◉ The time between HIV infection and seroconversion is called
what? Answer: the window period
◉ A person with HIV is not infectious when they are asymptomatic.
Answer: False
◉ The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell
receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process
termed negative selection. Answer: False
◉ What cell mediator is the primary cause of vasodilation seen in
acute inflammation? Answer: Histamine
◉ The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following
except: Answer: Vascular dilation
, ◉ Which cell in the blood provides primary hemostasis Answer:
Platelets
◉ Which of the following medications would decrease a person's
risk for clotting? Select all that apply. Answer: 1: Heparin
2: warfarin
3: lovenox
◉ Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that
apply. Answer: congestive heart failure, smoking, and post-surgical
state
◉ Which of the following are TRUE of hemophilia A? Select all that
apply. Answer: Spontaneous joint bleeding can occur,
The PTT is increased
◉ Which is NOT included in the three principles of blood flow?
Answer: Compliance
◉ Which of the following does NOT affect the heart's ability to
increase its output? Answer: Cardiac reserve
◉ Which of the following is true of the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system? Answer: Angiotensin II increases sodium
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL PRACTICE TEST
2026 QUESTION BANK AND CORRECT
ANSWERS REVIEW
◉ Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a classic
manifestation of acute inflammation with its corresponding cause?
Answer: Dolor - inflammatory cells infiltrating sensory nerves
◉ B cells are primarily associated with humoral immunity. Answer:
true
◉ T cells mature in the thymus and are active in cellular immunity.
Answer: true
◉ B lymphocytes normally produce antibodies against host tissues.
Answer: false
◉ Antibodies are also known as ______? Answer: immunoglobulin
◉ Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions can be treated
with the administration of epinephrine Answer: type 1
,◉ Which cell is NOT part of the adaptive immune response? Answer:
monocytes
◉ Features of systemic lupus erythematosus include all of the
following except Answer: Exophthalmos
◉ What are the 2 factors that play a role in the development of
autoimmune diseases? Answer: genetics and environmental factors
◉ A 40-year-old man presents with cough and shortness of breath.
After an H&P and chest films, it is determined he has pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia (PCP). The provider does an HIV test, which is
positive. Upon further testing, the man's CD4+ cell count is 100
cells/µL and his viral load is 250,000 copies/mL. (1) Why did the
provider do an HIV test after the man was diagnosed with PCP? (2)
What classification does this man fall into based on his CD4+ count
and symptomatology, and why Answer: (1) Opportunistic infections
are those common organisms that do not produce infection without
impaired immune function. (2) The last phase, or AIDS illness,
occurs when the CD4+ cell count falls to less than 200 cells/µL or
exhibits an AIDS-defining illness. The risk of opportunistic infections
and death increases significantly when the CD4+ cell count falls
below 200 cells/µL.
◉ Which process is NOT included in wound healing? Answer: Acute-
phase response
,◉ While labile and stable cells can regenerate themselves, _______
cells are unable to undergo mitotic division. Answer: Permanent
cells
◉ ____ disorders occur when the immune system fails to differentiate
self from non-self. Answer: autoimmune
◉ The time between HIV infection and seroconversion is called
what? Answer: the window period
◉ A person with HIV is not infectious when they are asymptomatic.
Answer: False
◉ The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell
receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process
termed negative selection. Answer: False
◉ What cell mediator is the primary cause of vasodilation seen in
acute inflammation? Answer: Histamine
◉ The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following
except: Answer: Vascular dilation
, ◉ Which cell in the blood provides primary hemostasis Answer:
Platelets
◉ Which of the following medications would decrease a person's
risk for clotting? Select all that apply. Answer: 1: Heparin
2: warfarin
3: lovenox
◉ Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that
apply. Answer: congestive heart failure, smoking, and post-surgical
state
◉ Which of the following are TRUE of hemophilia A? Select all that
apply. Answer: Spontaneous joint bleeding can occur,
The PTT is increased
◉ Which is NOT included in the three principles of blood flow?
Answer: Compliance
◉ Which of the following does NOT affect the heart's ability to
increase its output? Answer: Cardiac reserve
◉ Which of the following is true of the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system? Answer: Angiotensin II increases sodium
