NASM CES ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
●● Posture
Answer: The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture)
and function (transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the
human movement system at any given moment; controlled by the central
nervous system.
●● Structural efficiency
Answer: The alignment of each segment of the human movement system
(HMS), which allows posture to be balanced in relation to one's center
of gravity.
●● Functional efficiency
Answer: The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct
muscle synergies, at the right time, with the appropriate amount of force
to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy and stress on
the human movement system.
●● Cumulative injury cycle
Answer: A cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle
spasm, adhesion, altered neuromusclular control, and muscle
imbalances.
,●● Movement impairment syndrome
Answer: Refers to the state in which the structural integrity of the human
movement system (HMS) is compromised because the components are
out of alignment.
●● Altered reciprocal inhibition
Answer: The process whereby a tight muscle (short, overactive,
myofascial adhesions) causes decreased neural drive and therefore
optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist.
●● Synergistic dominance
Answer: The process by which a synergist compenstates for a prime
mover to maintain force production.
●● Lower extremity movement impairment syndrome
Answer: Usually characterized by excessive foot pronation (flat feet),
increased knee valgus (tibia externally rotated and femur internally
rotated and adducted or knock-kneed), and increased movement at the
lumbo-pelvic-hip-complex (extension or flexion) during functional
movements.
●● Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome
,Answer: Usually characterized as having rounded shoulders and a
forward head posture or improper scapulothoracic or glenohumeral
kinematics during functional movements.
●● Lengthening Techniques
Answer: 2nd phase in the Corrective Exercise Continuum is to lengthen
those overactive or tight neuromyofascial tissues.
●● Lengthening
Answer: refers to the elongation of mechanically shortened muscle and
connective tissuenecessary to increase range of motion (ROM) at the
tissue and joint.
●● 2 most common methods of stretching:
Answer: Static stretching
Neuromuscular stretching
●● Static stretching
Answer: Combines low force with long duration using autogenic
inhibition. This form of stretching allows for relaxation and concomitant
elongation of muscle. To perform static stretching, the stretch is held at
the first point of tension or resistance barrier for 30 seconds. Performed
solo
, ●● Neuromuscular stretching
Answer: commonly called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,or
PNF involves taking the muscle to its end ROM (point of joint
compensation), actively contracting the muscle to be stretched for 7 -15
seconds, then passively moving the joint to a new end ROM and holding
this position for 20-30 seconds.
●● Recurrent inhibition
Answer: A feedback circuit that can decrease the excitability of motor
neurons via the interneuron called the Renshaw cell.
●● Stretch reflex
Answer: A muscle contraction in response to stretching within the
muscle.
●● Static stretching is characterized by:
Answer: The elongation of neuromyofascial tissue to an end-range and
statically holding that position fora period of time.
Maximal control of structural alignment
Minimal acceleration into and out of the elongated (stretch) position.
●● Neuromuscular stretching is (NMS) characterized by:
Answer: Taking the muscle to its end ROM (point of joint
compensation)
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
●● Posture
Answer: The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture)
and function (transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the
human movement system at any given moment; controlled by the central
nervous system.
●● Structural efficiency
Answer: The alignment of each segment of the human movement system
(HMS), which allows posture to be balanced in relation to one's center
of gravity.
●● Functional efficiency
Answer: The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct
muscle synergies, at the right time, with the appropriate amount of force
to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy and stress on
the human movement system.
●● Cumulative injury cycle
Answer: A cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle
spasm, adhesion, altered neuromusclular control, and muscle
imbalances.
,●● Movement impairment syndrome
Answer: Refers to the state in which the structural integrity of the human
movement system (HMS) is compromised because the components are
out of alignment.
●● Altered reciprocal inhibition
Answer: The process whereby a tight muscle (short, overactive,
myofascial adhesions) causes decreased neural drive and therefore
optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist.
●● Synergistic dominance
Answer: The process by which a synergist compenstates for a prime
mover to maintain force production.
●● Lower extremity movement impairment syndrome
Answer: Usually characterized by excessive foot pronation (flat feet),
increased knee valgus (tibia externally rotated and femur internally
rotated and adducted or knock-kneed), and increased movement at the
lumbo-pelvic-hip-complex (extension or flexion) during functional
movements.
●● Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome
,Answer: Usually characterized as having rounded shoulders and a
forward head posture or improper scapulothoracic or glenohumeral
kinematics during functional movements.
●● Lengthening Techniques
Answer: 2nd phase in the Corrective Exercise Continuum is to lengthen
those overactive or tight neuromyofascial tissues.
●● Lengthening
Answer: refers to the elongation of mechanically shortened muscle and
connective tissuenecessary to increase range of motion (ROM) at the
tissue and joint.
●● 2 most common methods of stretching:
Answer: Static stretching
Neuromuscular stretching
●● Static stretching
Answer: Combines low force with long duration using autogenic
inhibition. This form of stretching allows for relaxation and concomitant
elongation of muscle. To perform static stretching, the stretch is held at
the first point of tension or resistance barrier for 30 seconds. Performed
solo
, ●● Neuromuscular stretching
Answer: commonly called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,or
PNF involves taking the muscle to its end ROM (point of joint
compensation), actively contracting the muscle to be stretched for 7 -15
seconds, then passively moving the joint to a new end ROM and holding
this position for 20-30 seconds.
●● Recurrent inhibition
Answer: A feedback circuit that can decrease the excitability of motor
neurons via the interneuron called the Renshaw cell.
●● Stretch reflex
Answer: A muscle contraction in response to stretching within the
muscle.
●● Static stretching is characterized by:
Answer: The elongation of neuromyofascial tissue to an end-range and
statically holding that position fora period of time.
Maximal control of structural alignment
Minimal acceleration into and out of the elongated (stretch) position.
●● Neuromuscular stretching is (NMS) characterized by:
Answer: Taking the muscle to its end ROM (point of joint
compensation)
