NASM REVIEW 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION SET UPDATED 100%
CORRECT.
◉ Primary Research. Answer: Original research where scientists
perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to secondary
research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or
published elsewhere.
◉ Observational Research. Answer: Research in which a researcher
observes ongoing behaviors to determine correlation.
◉ Correlation. Answer: A relationship between two or more variables.
◉ Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Answer: A type of scientific
study/trial where participants are randomly assigned into different
groups - one or more will be the intervention to be tested and one will be
the control group. Groups are randomized and a control is used in an
attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial.
◉ Independent Variable. Answer: The variable scientists manipulate in
an experiment.
,◉ External Validity. Answer: The ability to generalize the results of a
study.
◉ Systematic Review. Answer: A review where scientists systematically
gather all research on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria
and rules.
◉ Meta-Analysis. Answer: A statistical analysis of a group of studies to
assess the overall weight of the evidence.
◉ Empirical. Answer: Based on observation or experience.
◉ Test-Retest Reliability. Answer: The ability to get similar results when
something is measured under the same conditions.
◉ Reliability. Answer: The consistency of a measure.
◉ Validity. Answer: The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what
it is supposed to measure.
◉ Selection Bias. Answer: A sample of people under study is not
representative of the larger population that scientists are looking to make
inferences about.
,◉ Retrospective. Answer: Describes a study that looks backward in
time.
◉ Recall Bias. Answer: The inability to accurately remember past
behaviors.
◉ Health. Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: The tendency toward a relatively stable
equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained
by physiological processes.
◉ Disease. Answer: A disorder of structure or function in a human,
animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or
symptoms, affects a specific location, and is not simply a direct result of
physical injury.
◉ Noncommunicable Disease. Answer: A noncommunicable disease
(NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious
agents; it can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of
time and progress slowly.
, ◉ Communicable Disease. Answer: Infectious diseases caused by
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be
spread (directly or indirectly) from one person to another.
◉ Wellness. Answer: The fluid process of improving the emotional,
occupational, physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual components of
life, dynamically leading to a better state of health and well-being.
◉ Obese. Answer: A high degree of excess body fat - a BMI greater than
30.
◉ Biometrics. Answer: The technical term for measurements and
calculations related to human physical characteristics.
◉ Satiety. Answer: A feeling of fullness and satisfaction.
◉ Palatability. Answer: The degree of pleasure or taste provided by a
food - a highly palatable food is one that is tasty and pleasant to
consume.
◉ Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Answer: The energy currency of life.
chemical compound that provides energy to drive muscle contraction,
transmission of nerve impulses, and the vast majority of chemical
reactions that facilitate human life.
EXAMINATION SET UPDATED 100%
CORRECT.
◉ Primary Research. Answer: Original research where scientists
perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to secondary
research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or
published elsewhere.
◉ Observational Research. Answer: Research in which a researcher
observes ongoing behaviors to determine correlation.
◉ Correlation. Answer: A relationship between two or more variables.
◉ Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Answer: A type of scientific
study/trial where participants are randomly assigned into different
groups - one or more will be the intervention to be tested and one will be
the control group. Groups are randomized and a control is used in an
attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial.
◉ Independent Variable. Answer: The variable scientists manipulate in
an experiment.
,◉ External Validity. Answer: The ability to generalize the results of a
study.
◉ Systematic Review. Answer: A review where scientists systematically
gather all research on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria
and rules.
◉ Meta-Analysis. Answer: A statistical analysis of a group of studies to
assess the overall weight of the evidence.
◉ Empirical. Answer: Based on observation or experience.
◉ Test-Retest Reliability. Answer: The ability to get similar results when
something is measured under the same conditions.
◉ Reliability. Answer: The consistency of a measure.
◉ Validity. Answer: The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what
it is supposed to measure.
◉ Selection Bias. Answer: A sample of people under study is not
representative of the larger population that scientists are looking to make
inferences about.
,◉ Retrospective. Answer: Describes a study that looks backward in
time.
◉ Recall Bias. Answer: The inability to accurately remember past
behaviors.
◉ Health. Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: The tendency toward a relatively stable
equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained
by physiological processes.
◉ Disease. Answer: A disorder of structure or function in a human,
animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or
symptoms, affects a specific location, and is not simply a direct result of
physical injury.
◉ Noncommunicable Disease. Answer: A noncommunicable disease
(NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious
agents; it can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of
time and progress slowly.
, ◉ Communicable Disease. Answer: Infectious diseases caused by
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be
spread (directly or indirectly) from one person to another.
◉ Wellness. Answer: The fluid process of improving the emotional,
occupational, physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual components of
life, dynamically leading to a better state of health and well-being.
◉ Obese. Answer: A high degree of excess body fat - a BMI greater than
30.
◉ Biometrics. Answer: The technical term for measurements and
calculations related to human physical characteristics.
◉ Satiety. Answer: A feeling of fullness and satisfaction.
◉ Palatability. Answer: The degree of pleasure or taste provided by a
food - a highly palatable food is one that is tasty and pleasant to
consume.
◉ Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Answer: The energy currency of life.
chemical compound that provides energy to drive muscle contraction,
transmission of nerve impulses, and the vast majority of chemical
reactions that facilitate human life.
