NCSF EXAM 4 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Carbohydrates, lipids (fats).
Answer: __________ serve as the primary fuel for exercise, while
________ are primarily used during rest and low-intensity physical
activity.
◉ Aerobic metabolism can occur using what fuel sources?.
Answer: Carbohydrates, fats, protein and various associated
substrates
◉ What is the primary fuel source during 1) a vertical jump, 2) a
3RM deadlift, and 3) a 10-second sprint?.
Answer: 1) stored ATP, 2-3) stored creatine phosphate
◉ What are the primary storage sites for glycogen within the body?.
Answer: Skeletal muscle (~400g) and the liver (~95g)
◉ How much rest is needed to fully recover from an exercise that
significantly drains creatine phosphate stores within a muscle?.
Answer: 2-5 minutes
,◉ As a client increases their VO2max, he or she will have a lower
_________ during any sub-maximal exercise intensity; this is mainly
attributed to an increase in __________..
Answer: Heart rate, stroke volume
◉ Cardiac output is a product of:.
Answer: Stroke volume x heart rate
◉ Cellular metabolism using oxygen and various substrates for fuel
occurs in the:.
Answer: Mitochondria
◉ What muscle fiber type has the lowest capacity to produce force?.
Answer: Type I (slow-twitch oxidative)
◉ Slow oxidative muscle fibers have the smallest relative _____________
and are primarily fueled via __________ metabolism..
Answer: Diameter; aerobic
◉ Following high-intensity exercise, a client may continue to burn
additional calories for a number of hours due to a phenomenon
known as:.
,Answer: Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
◉ What mineral is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to
initiate the cascade of events leading to a muscular contraction?.
Answer: Calcium
◉ What type of fatigue is associated with reduced muscle glycogen
storage following localized muscular work?.
Answer: Peripheral fatigue
◉ How is force production improved through neural adaptations?.
Answer: Via increased motor unit recruitment, faster firing rates,
and improved firing synchronicity
◉ Identify at least three primary causes for short-term (acute)
muscular fatigue between sets..
Answer: Exhaustion of ATP/creatine phosphate reserves, tissue
acidity, insufficient oxygen, reduced enzyme activity, tubular system
disturbances
◉ If excessive tension is placed upon a given muscle, ________________
send inhibitory signals to reduce motor unit activity and protect the
tissue from potential damage..
Answer: Golgi tendon organs
, ◉ _________ is the hormone released from the pancreas to help
control blood glucose levels; it also inhibits fat use when in
circulation..
Answer: Insulin
◉ _______ is an adrenal hormone released in response to high
physiological or psychological stress. It limits carbohydrate uptake,
disrupts the protein-sparing mechanism and can suppress immune
system function when chronically released at elevated levels..
Answer: Cortisol
◉ What hormone released from the liver in response to
appropriately-devised hypertrophy training signals the body to
increase protein synthesis?.
Answer: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
◉ Identify three anabolic hormones that are released in response to
heavy, strenuous resistance training..
Answer: Testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-1
◉ Throwing a medicine ball for distance requires what type of
muscular contraction?.
Answer: Ballistic
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Carbohydrates, lipids (fats).
Answer: __________ serve as the primary fuel for exercise, while
________ are primarily used during rest and low-intensity physical
activity.
◉ Aerobic metabolism can occur using what fuel sources?.
Answer: Carbohydrates, fats, protein and various associated
substrates
◉ What is the primary fuel source during 1) a vertical jump, 2) a
3RM deadlift, and 3) a 10-second sprint?.
Answer: 1) stored ATP, 2-3) stored creatine phosphate
◉ What are the primary storage sites for glycogen within the body?.
Answer: Skeletal muscle (~400g) and the liver (~95g)
◉ How much rest is needed to fully recover from an exercise that
significantly drains creatine phosphate stores within a muscle?.
Answer: 2-5 minutes
,◉ As a client increases their VO2max, he or she will have a lower
_________ during any sub-maximal exercise intensity; this is mainly
attributed to an increase in __________..
Answer: Heart rate, stroke volume
◉ Cardiac output is a product of:.
Answer: Stroke volume x heart rate
◉ Cellular metabolism using oxygen and various substrates for fuel
occurs in the:.
Answer: Mitochondria
◉ What muscle fiber type has the lowest capacity to produce force?.
Answer: Type I (slow-twitch oxidative)
◉ Slow oxidative muscle fibers have the smallest relative _____________
and are primarily fueled via __________ metabolism..
Answer: Diameter; aerobic
◉ Following high-intensity exercise, a client may continue to burn
additional calories for a number of hours due to a phenomenon
known as:.
,Answer: Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
◉ What mineral is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to
initiate the cascade of events leading to a muscular contraction?.
Answer: Calcium
◉ What type of fatigue is associated with reduced muscle glycogen
storage following localized muscular work?.
Answer: Peripheral fatigue
◉ How is force production improved through neural adaptations?.
Answer: Via increased motor unit recruitment, faster firing rates,
and improved firing synchronicity
◉ Identify at least three primary causes for short-term (acute)
muscular fatigue between sets..
Answer: Exhaustion of ATP/creatine phosphate reserves, tissue
acidity, insufficient oxygen, reduced enzyme activity, tubular system
disturbances
◉ If excessive tension is placed upon a given muscle, ________________
send inhibitory signals to reduce motor unit activity and protect the
tissue from potential damage..
Answer: Golgi tendon organs
, ◉ _________ is the hormone released from the pancreas to help
control blood glucose levels; it also inhibits fat use when in
circulation..
Answer: Insulin
◉ _______ is an adrenal hormone released in response to high
physiological or psychological stress. It limits carbohydrate uptake,
disrupts the protein-sparing mechanism and can suppress immune
system function when chronically released at elevated levels..
Answer: Cortisol
◉ What hormone released from the liver in response to
appropriately-devised hypertrophy training signals the body to
increase protein synthesis?.
Answer: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
◉ Identify three anabolic hormones that are released in response to
heavy, strenuous resistance training..
Answer: Testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-1
◉ Throwing a medicine ball for distance requires what type of
muscular contraction?.
Answer: Ballistic
