NMNC 1110 EXAM 4: EVIDENCE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice (EBP)?
A. Care based on personal experience
B. Care based on traditional practices
C. Care based on research, expertise, and patient preferences
D. Care guided only by physician orders - Answers - Answer: C
Rationale: EBP integrates best current evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values to
guide nursing decisions and improve outcomes.
Florence Nightingale contributed to evidence-based practice by:
A. Developing germ theory
B. Using data and observation to improve sanitation
C. Inventing antibiotics
D. Creating randomized trials - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale used statistical data and environmental control to link sanitation
with decreased infection and mortality, forming a foundation for EBP.
Which historical figure is known for linking hand hygiene to infection prevention?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Archie Cochrane
C. Ignaz Semmelweis
D. Joseph Lister - Answers - Answer: C
Rationale: Semmelweis discovered that handwashing drastically reduced maternal
mortality, establishing early infection control principles.
Archie Cochrane is best known for:
A. Introducing antiseptic surgery
B. Founding the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
C. Creating the Iowa Model
D. Studying Florence Nightingale's work - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Cochrane emphasized using systematic reviews to summarize research
evidence; the Cochrane Database is a major evidence repository.
What are the three key components of EBP?
A. Research, teamwork, and funding
B. Evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
C. Policies, procedures, and leadership
D. Education, ethics, and experience - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: The foundation of EBP includes research evidence, nurse's expertise, and
patient preferences.
, The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice is used primarily to:
A. Replace nursing judgment
B. Guide nurses in integrating research into care
C. Evaluate physician performance
D. Train nurses in research design - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: The Iowa Model provides a systematic approach for nurses to apply research
findings to improve clinical practice.
Which statement about quantitative research is true?
A. It explores lived experiences.
B. It uses numbers and statistical analysis.
C. It relies on interviews and open-ended data.
D. It focuses only on cultural phenomena. - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Quantitative research uses measurable data, statistics, and numerical
comparisons to identify cause-and-effect relationships.
A study that explores patients' feelings about chronic pain through interviews uses
which research design?
A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Experimental
D. Quasi-experimental - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on lived experiences and subjective
perspectives, often using interviews or observations.
What type of study involves randomly assigning participants to a treatment or control
group?
A. Quasi-experimental
B. Correlational
C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D. Case-control - Answers - Answer: C
Rationale: RCTs randomly assign subjects to eliminate bias and determine cause-and-
effect relationships
In research, the independent variable is best defined as:
A. The outcome measured
B. The variable manipulated by the researcher
C. A confounding factor
D. The control factor - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable is what the researcher changes or manipulates to
study its effect on the dependent variable.
The dependent variable in a study represents:
A. The researcher's intervention
B. The outcome or effect being measured
C. The constant variable
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice (EBP)?
A. Care based on personal experience
B. Care based on traditional practices
C. Care based on research, expertise, and patient preferences
D. Care guided only by physician orders - Answers - Answer: C
Rationale: EBP integrates best current evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values to
guide nursing decisions and improve outcomes.
Florence Nightingale contributed to evidence-based practice by:
A. Developing germ theory
B. Using data and observation to improve sanitation
C. Inventing antibiotics
D. Creating randomized trials - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale used statistical data and environmental control to link sanitation
with decreased infection and mortality, forming a foundation for EBP.
Which historical figure is known for linking hand hygiene to infection prevention?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Archie Cochrane
C. Ignaz Semmelweis
D. Joseph Lister - Answers - Answer: C
Rationale: Semmelweis discovered that handwashing drastically reduced maternal
mortality, establishing early infection control principles.
Archie Cochrane is best known for:
A. Introducing antiseptic surgery
B. Founding the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
C. Creating the Iowa Model
D. Studying Florence Nightingale's work - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Cochrane emphasized using systematic reviews to summarize research
evidence; the Cochrane Database is a major evidence repository.
What are the three key components of EBP?
A. Research, teamwork, and funding
B. Evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences
C. Policies, procedures, and leadership
D. Education, ethics, and experience - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: The foundation of EBP includes research evidence, nurse's expertise, and
patient preferences.
, The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice is used primarily to:
A. Replace nursing judgment
B. Guide nurses in integrating research into care
C. Evaluate physician performance
D. Train nurses in research design - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: The Iowa Model provides a systematic approach for nurses to apply research
findings to improve clinical practice.
Which statement about quantitative research is true?
A. It explores lived experiences.
B. It uses numbers and statistical analysis.
C. It relies on interviews and open-ended data.
D. It focuses only on cultural phenomena. - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Quantitative research uses measurable data, statistics, and numerical
comparisons to identify cause-and-effect relationships.
A study that explores patients' feelings about chronic pain through interviews uses
which research design?
A. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
C. Experimental
D. Quasi-experimental - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on lived experiences and subjective
perspectives, often using interviews or observations.
What type of study involves randomly assigning participants to a treatment or control
group?
A. Quasi-experimental
B. Correlational
C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D. Case-control - Answers - Answer: C
Rationale: RCTs randomly assign subjects to eliminate bias and determine cause-and-
effect relationships
In research, the independent variable is best defined as:
A. The outcome measured
B. The variable manipulated by the researcher
C. A confounding factor
D. The control factor - Answers - Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable is what the researcher changes or manipulates to
study its effect on the dependent variable.
The dependent variable in a study represents:
A. The researcher's intervention
B. The outcome or effect being measured
C. The constant variable
