HEAL 2003 midterm 1 comprehensive Questions and
Answers with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version
Question 1.
define the WHO definition of health.
Correct Answer: Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. -health is a continuum of
illness<-> health<-> wellness
Question 2.
now, define health.
Correct Answer: the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize
aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is
a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept,
emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
Question 3.
what are the four pillars of health re- search?
Correct Answer: 1. biomedical research 2. clinical research 3. health services
research 4. social, cultural, environmental, and population health research
Question 4.
what are the four purposes of health research?
Correct Answer: 1. describe 2. explain 3. predict 4. control
Question 5.
what are research paradigms? what are the three kinds of research paradigms?
Correct Answer: a research paradigm is a belief about what knowledge is and how it
is generated 3 Types 1. epistemology: nature and definition of knowledge of truth 2.
ontology: nature of reality 3. methodology: approach to data collection and analysis
Question 6.
what are the three divisions of epistemology? briefly describe.
Correct Answer: 1. positivism (hard science): generated through scientific process,
easy to measure (height and weight) 2. interpretivism (subjective): little more difficult
to measure (emotions, wellbeing, quality of life) 3. critical realism (objective): not
generated by measurement/ observing, it is what happens in reality (we assume
things based on our ways of knowing)
, Question 7.
what are the two divisions of ontology? describe.
Correct Answer: 1. objectivism (in line with positivism & some critical realism): do we
study things that are "objective entities", have a fixed reality, and is independent from
our perspectives? (our own perceptions don't matter, things exist regardless) 2.
contructionism: do we study social constructs, things that are fluid, and depend on
our point of view?
Question 8.
what are the three divisions of methodology?
Correct Answer: 1. quantitative: counting things (mean/average). 2. qualitative: open
ended questions, one on one interviews, focus group. not objective or set- might vary
3. mixed-methods: often begin with quantitative, then do qualitative study. Mix charts
or hard facts with peoples own experiences
Question 9.
map out the wheel of science!
Correct Answer:
Question 10.
what are the meaning of both deduction and induction?
Correct Answer: -deduction: testing of pre existing hypotheses -induction: generation
of new theories
Question 11.
what are the 12 steps of the re- search process?
Correct Answer: 1. identify research topic/idea/problem 2. literature search 3. define
the problem 4. develop research question 5. generate a hypothesis 6. chose a study
design 7. define variables and key terms 8. identify participants and population 9.
conduct study 10. analyze data 11. writing study reports & knowledge translation 12.
amend research question or create a new one
Question 12.
what are some ways you can make sure your research is written correctly?
Correct Answer: compare & contrast different authors, criticize aspects of
methodology, high- light exemplary studies, identify patterns/trends in literature,
show how your study relates to previous studies/ literature in general, identify gaps in
literature, highlight importance of this research in filling gaps
Answers with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version
Question 1.
define the WHO definition of health.
Correct Answer: Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. -health is a continuum of
illness<-> health<-> wellness
Question 2.
now, define health.
Correct Answer: the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize
aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is
a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept,
emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
Question 3.
what are the four pillars of health re- search?
Correct Answer: 1. biomedical research 2. clinical research 3. health services
research 4. social, cultural, environmental, and population health research
Question 4.
what are the four purposes of health research?
Correct Answer: 1. describe 2. explain 3. predict 4. control
Question 5.
what are research paradigms? what are the three kinds of research paradigms?
Correct Answer: a research paradigm is a belief about what knowledge is and how it
is generated 3 Types 1. epistemology: nature and definition of knowledge of truth 2.
ontology: nature of reality 3. methodology: approach to data collection and analysis
Question 6.
what are the three divisions of epistemology? briefly describe.
Correct Answer: 1. positivism (hard science): generated through scientific process,
easy to measure (height and weight) 2. interpretivism (subjective): little more difficult
to measure (emotions, wellbeing, quality of life) 3. critical realism (objective): not
generated by measurement/ observing, it is what happens in reality (we assume
things based on our ways of knowing)
, Question 7.
what are the two divisions of ontology? describe.
Correct Answer: 1. objectivism (in line with positivism & some critical realism): do we
study things that are "objective entities", have a fixed reality, and is independent from
our perspectives? (our own perceptions don't matter, things exist regardless) 2.
contructionism: do we study social constructs, things that are fluid, and depend on
our point of view?
Question 8.
what are the three divisions of methodology?
Correct Answer: 1. quantitative: counting things (mean/average). 2. qualitative: open
ended questions, one on one interviews, focus group. not objective or set- might vary
3. mixed-methods: often begin with quantitative, then do qualitative study. Mix charts
or hard facts with peoples own experiences
Question 9.
map out the wheel of science!
Correct Answer:
Question 10.
what are the meaning of both deduction and induction?
Correct Answer: -deduction: testing of pre existing hypotheses -induction: generation
of new theories
Question 11.
what are the 12 steps of the re- search process?
Correct Answer: 1. identify research topic/idea/problem 2. literature search 3. define
the problem 4. develop research question 5. generate a hypothesis 6. chose a study
design 7. define variables and key terms 8. identify participants and population 9.
conduct study 10. analyze data 11. writing study reports & knowledge translation 12.
amend research question or create a new one
Question 12.
what are some ways you can make sure your research is written correctly?
Correct Answer: compare & contrast different authors, criticize aspects of
methodology, high- light exemplary studies, identify patterns/trends in literature,
show how your study relates to previous studies/ literature in general, identify gaps in
literature, highlight importance of this research in filling gaps
