,A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in
Canada
Third Edition
Emily Jenkins, Allie Slemon, and Dan Bilsker with Elliot
M. Goldner
Test Bank
www.canadianscholars.com
i
,A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, Third Edition
Test Bank
Emily Jenkins, Allie Slemon, and Dan Bilsker with Elliot M. Goldner
Prepared by Josephine Mo
Canadian Scholars, an imprint of CSP Books Inc.
425 Adelaide Street West, Suite 200
Toronto, Ontario
M5V 3C1
www.canadianscholars.ca
Copyright © 2022 Canadian Scholars. All rights reserved.
Canadian Scholars gratefully acknowledges financial support for our publishing activities from
the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program
(BPIDP) and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishing Tax Credit
Program.
ii
, Contents
Chapter 1: What Is Mental Health?............................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2: Understanding Mental Health through the Physical Sciences .............................. 5
Chapter 3: Mental Health Examined through the Social Sciences .......................................... 9
Chapter 4: The Spectrum of Mental Health Challenges ......................................................... 13
Chapter 5: Substance Use, Dependence, and Addictive Behaviour ....................................... 17
Chapter 6: Trauma, Violence, and Mental Health .................................................................. 22
Chapter 7: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality ..................................................................................... 24
Chapter 8: Culture, Ethnicity, and Mental Health .................................................................. 28
Chapter 9: Mental Health and Illness in Children and Youth ............................................... 32
Chapter 10: Mental Health and Illness in Older Adults ......................................................... 36
Chapter 11: Responding to Mental Health Crisis, Emergency, and Disaster ....................... 40
Chapter 12: Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System ................................................ 44
Chapter 13: Mental Health Legislation and Patients’ Rights ................................................. 47
Chapter 14: Treatment Approaches for Mental Health and Substance Use Challenges ..... 50
Chapter 15: Mental Health Services in Canada....................................................................... 55
Chapter 16: Canada’s Role in Global Mental Health ............................................................. 59
Chapter 17: Population Perspectives on Mental Health and Substance Use ........................ 62
iii
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
Chapter 1: What Is Mental Health?
Multiple Choice—Choose the best or most appropriate answer
1. According to the Canadian Senate’s Standing Committee report on mental health, mental health
infers various capacities including the ability to ___.
a) understand oneself and one’s life
b) experience pleasure and enjoyment
c) handle stress and withstand discomfort
d) evaluate challenges and problems
e) pursue goals and interests
f) all of the above
2. At the level of the population, good mental health is associated with ___.
a) good physical health
b) economic productivity
c) greater social cohesion and stability
d) all of the above
3. The back and forth shifts between two perspectives, physical sciences and social sciences, have
been described as ___.
a) reductionistic thinking
b) pendulum swings
c) theoretical shifts
d) spectrum shifts
4. With the spread of interest in psychotherapy in the mid 20th century, there was a movement away
from ___.
a) the biological ideas that had been dominant
b) the psychosocial ideas that had been dominant
c) psychologists
d) psychiatrists
5. The dominance of psychosocial ideas was overthrown by ___.
a) the death of Sigmund Freud
b) a rapid succession of discoveries
c) a rising rate of mental illness
d) production of medication
e) b and d
6. The following led to the deinstitutionalization of people with mental illness.
a) overflow of people in psychiatric wards
b) dismal conditions in psychiatric wards
c) introduction of antipsychotic medication
d) rise in community-based treatment
e) b and c
1
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
7. The creation of community-based services and supports has proven to be a difficult and largely
unmet challenge as a result of ___.
a) fiscal restraints
b) competing demands for health budgets
c) broad social factors
d) all of the above
8. In epidemiological studies, the term prevalence ___.
a) refers to the proportion of people who have a new case of the condition being studied
b) refers to the proportion of individuals in a population that have a particular health
condition
c) includes both new and existing cases
d) b and c
9. YLD stands for ___.
a) Years Lived with Depression
b) Years Lived with Disability
c) Years Lost to Depression
d) none of the above
10. Of the many different injuries and illnesses that exist, the illness that is estimated to be
responsible for the greatest number of YLD worldwide is ___.
a) cancer
b) depression
c) mental Illness
d) Irritable Bowel Syndrome
11. Years of Life Lost (YLL) is ___.
a) a measure of the number of years of life lost due to premature mortality in the population
b) calculated by multiplying the number of deaths by the estimated number of years of life
lost
c) not a valid measure
d) a and b
e) all of the above
12. In Nunavut, ___ is responsible for more YLL than any other cause of death.
a) depression
b) suicide
c) alcohol abuse
d) all of the above
13. The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) ___.
a) is created by subtracting the years lived with disability (YLD) from the years of life lost
(YLL)
b) provides a pooled measure of disability and premature mortality
c) has been used extensively by the World Health Organization (WHO)
d) is an estimation of the burden of disease caused by various illnesses and injuries
e) b, c, and d
2
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
14. In a series of well-known studies, the WHO estimated that depression is currently the ___ leading
contributor to the burden of disease worldwide.
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) fourth
15. Most mental disorders tend to first become prominent in childhood or adolescence; ___ is of
course a prominent exception to this pattern.
a) substance abuse and dependence
b) dementia
c) bipolar disorder
d) eating disorder
16. According to the Two Continua Model of mental health, which of the following statements is
true?
a) If you have symptoms of a mental health condition, you cannot have positive mental
health.
b) If you have positive mental health, you are free of any mental distress and/or emotional
challenges.
c) It’s possible to have a mental health condition and still experience well-being.
d) Its possible to experience positive and poor mental health simultaneously.
17. The movement of individuals with mental illnesses into jails and other institutions is described as
___.
a) institutionalization
b) transinstitutionalization
c) deinstitutionalization
d) criminalization
True or False
1. No laboratory test or physiological measure has been discovered that can produce a rating of a
person’s overall mental health despite the strong links that exist between mental states and the
physiological function of various organs of the body. (T)
2. Mental health has no correlation with quality of life. (F)
3. Properly done, a mental status examination will not take into account an individual’s cultural and
educational background. (F)
4. Mental status examination and psychological testing are valuable tools and provide the full
picture of an individual’s mental health. (F)
5. When trying to understand mental health and mental illness, it is better to focus on one
perspective at a time—physical science or social science. (F)
6. At the time of Confederation, it was presumed that mental illnesses were caused by physical
disease or damage to the brain. (T)
7. Historical accounts of Canadian asylums indicate that many tended to be custodial. (T)
8. Psychoanalysis made it less socially acceptable for people to receive therapy. (F)
9. Prior to the advent of psychoanalysis, psychiatric or psychological treatment was thought to be
something required only by individuals who had severe mental problems. (T)
10. A system of community-based services and supports that could replace institutional care for
people with mental illness in Canada has been adequately developed. (F)
3
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
11. In addition to people living with mental health or substance-use challenges, their family members
and other caregivers also have lived experience and can offer useful insights. (T)
12. As a way to monitor the mental health of people living in Canada, Statistics Canada asks
respondents to have a trusted family member or friend assess their mental health. (F)
Short Answer
1. The World Health Organization states that no single definition of mental health is widely
accepted. What is their basis for this statement? (1–2)
2. When health care professionals undertake an examination of an individual’s mental health, how
do they begin? (5)
3. Why is a cross-sectional view often inadequate in providing a meaningful picture of a person’s
mental health? (5)
4. What is the difference between the brain and the mind? (7)
5. What are the factors that influence the development of the human mind and affect mental health
and mental illness? (7)
6. Why is it problematic to employ reductionistic explanations when attempting to understand
mental health and mental illness? (8)
7. At the time of Confederation, asylums were established. What were the two different motivations
for the creation of asylums? (12)
8. Who was the father of psychoanalysis, and how did it work to explain mental illnesses? (13)
9. What conditions/trends led to the deinstitutionalization of people with mental illness? (15)
10. Why is it important to carry out epidemiological studies? (17)
11. Which organization developed the Positive Mental Health Conceptual Framework for
Surveillance, and what perspective does this framework provide on mental health? Explain. (3)
12. What is the difference between “mental health challenges” and “mental disorders or illnesses”?
(2–3)
13. Why do measures of lifetime prevalence (of specific illnesses) tend to be gross underestimates?
(18)
Discussion
1. What is mental health? What factors affect mental health? (1–22)
2. What kinds of approaches have been taken historically in the study of mental health? (8–10)
3. What kind of shifts in these approaches have occurred over time? (8–10)
4. What led to the deinstitutionalization of people with severe mental illnesses? How has it impacted
services for those with mental illness? (15–16)
5. Which do you feel are the most important epidemiological terms? Why? (17–19)
6. Discuss the terms “Years Lived with Disability,” “Years of Life Lost,” and “Disability Adjusted
Life Years.” (18–19)
7. Discuss the prevalence of mental disorders amongst people in Canada. (19–21)
4
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
Chapter 2: Understanding Mental Health through the Physical
Sciences
Multiple Choice—Choose the best or most appropriate answer
1. The hypothalamus is one of the most important parts of the brain, involved in many kinds
of motivation, among other functions. The hypothalamus controls the “Four Fs”: ___.
a) Fighting, fleeing, feeding, and mating
b) Fighting, fleeing, feeding, and frolicking
c) Fighting, finding, feeding, and frolicking
d) Flying, fleeing, feeding, figuring out
2. The average brain consists of about 100 ___ neurons.
a) million
b) billion
c) thousand
d) trillion
3. It is estimated that more than ___ percent of adults in Canada ingest caffeine on any
given day.
a) 30
b) 75
c) 50
d) 80
4. Sensory input includes information about ___ collected from nerve endings throughout
the body.
a) touch
b) pressure
c) pain
d) temperature
e) a, b, and c
f) all of the above
5. “Delusions” are defined as ___.
a) illogical or unlikely inferences
b) fixed false beliefs
c) mental health disorders
d) none of the above
6. Which of the following is a NOT an area of the brain that is part of the limbic system?
a. cingulate gyrus
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
d. hippothalamus
e. hippocampus
7. Identical (monozygotic) twins are not really identical. This is due to ___.
a) phenotypes
b) genotypes
5
, Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
c) epigenetics
d) environmental influences
e) c and d
8. What serves as the “battery” to keep the brain going strong?
a) ATP—adenosine triphosphate
b) ATP—automatic transmission replacement
c) ADP—adenosine diphosphate
d) ADP—automatic data processing
9. Brain cells or neurons use only glucose derived from food as fuel, unlike other cells in
the human body, which use various nutrients. This is because of the ___.
a) surrounding capillaries
b) protective measures of the spinal cord
c) blood-brain barrier
d) none of the above
10. Very low blood glucose will ___.
a) disable brain function
b) cause loss of consciousness
c) possibly lead to death
d) all of the above
11. The brain uses about ___ percent of the body’s oxygen.
a) 80
b) 15
c) 20
d) 40
12. When we sustain a blow to the head, the brain is protected by ___.
a) the meninges
b) the limbic system
c) the cerebrospinal fluid
d) a and c
e) all of the above
13. Hormones are located in different sites in the body and usually stored in the ___.
a) glands
b) pancreas
c) ovaries
d) all of the above
14. Testosterone has an effect on ___.
a) mental function
b) mental energy
c) behaviour
d) libido
e) all of the above
6
Canada
Third Edition
Emily Jenkins, Allie Slemon, and Dan Bilsker with Elliot
M. Goldner
Test Bank
www.canadianscholars.com
i
,A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, Third Edition
Test Bank
Emily Jenkins, Allie Slemon, and Dan Bilsker with Elliot M. Goldner
Prepared by Josephine Mo
Canadian Scholars, an imprint of CSP Books Inc.
425 Adelaide Street West, Suite 200
Toronto, Ontario
M5V 3C1
www.canadianscholars.ca
Copyright © 2022 Canadian Scholars. All rights reserved.
Canadian Scholars gratefully acknowledges financial support for our publishing activities from
the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program
(BPIDP) and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishing Tax Credit
Program.
ii
, Contents
Chapter 1: What Is Mental Health?............................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2: Understanding Mental Health through the Physical Sciences .............................. 5
Chapter 3: Mental Health Examined through the Social Sciences .......................................... 9
Chapter 4: The Spectrum of Mental Health Challenges ......................................................... 13
Chapter 5: Substance Use, Dependence, and Addictive Behaviour ....................................... 17
Chapter 6: Trauma, Violence, and Mental Health .................................................................. 22
Chapter 7: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality ..................................................................................... 24
Chapter 8: Culture, Ethnicity, and Mental Health .................................................................. 28
Chapter 9: Mental Health and Illness in Children and Youth ............................................... 32
Chapter 10: Mental Health and Illness in Older Adults ......................................................... 36
Chapter 11: Responding to Mental Health Crisis, Emergency, and Disaster ....................... 40
Chapter 12: Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System ................................................ 44
Chapter 13: Mental Health Legislation and Patients’ Rights ................................................. 47
Chapter 14: Treatment Approaches for Mental Health and Substance Use Challenges ..... 50
Chapter 15: Mental Health Services in Canada....................................................................... 55
Chapter 16: Canada’s Role in Global Mental Health ............................................................. 59
Chapter 17: Population Perspectives on Mental Health and Substance Use ........................ 62
iii
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
Chapter 1: What Is Mental Health?
Multiple Choice—Choose the best or most appropriate answer
1. According to the Canadian Senate’s Standing Committee report on mental health, mental health
infers various capacities including the ability to ___.
a) understand oneself and one’s life
b) experience pleasure and enjoyment
c) handle stress and withstand discomfort
d) evaluate challenges and problems
e) pursue goals and interests
f) all of the above
2. At the level of the population, good mental health is associated with ___.
a) good physical health
b) economic productivity
c) greater social cohesion and stability
d) all of the above
3. The back and forth shifts between two perspectives, physical sciences and social sciences, have
been described as ___.
a) reductionistic thinking
b) pendulum swings
c) theoretical shifts
d) spectrum shifts
4. With the spread of interest in psychotherapy in the mid 20th century, there was a movement away
from ___.
a) the biological ideas that had been dominant
b) the psychosocial ideas that had been dominant
c) psychologists
d) psychiatrists
5. The dominance of psychosocial ideas was overthrown by ___.
a) the death of Sigmund Freud
b) a rapid succession of discoveries
c) a rising rate of mental illness
d) production of medication
e) b and d
6. The following led to the deinstitutionalization of people with mental illness.
a) overflow of people in psychiatric wards
b) dismal conditions in psychiatric wards
c) introduction of antipsychotic medication
d) rise in community-based treatment
e) b and c
1
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
7. The creation of community-based services and supports has proven to be a difficult and largely
unmet challenge as a result of ___.
a) fiscal restraints
b) competing demands for health budgets
c) broad social factors
d) all of the above
8. In epidemiological studies, the term prevalence ___.
a) refers to the proportion of people who have a new case of the condition being studied
b) refers to the proportion of individuals in a population that have a particular health
condition
c) includes both new and existing cases
d) b and c
9. YLD stands for ___.
a) Years Lived with Depression
b) Years Lived with Disability
c) Years Lost to Depression
d) none of the above
10. Of the many different injuries and illnesses that exist, the illness that is estimated to be
responsible for the greatest number of YLD worldwide is ___.
a) cancer
b) depression
c) mental Illness
d) Irritable Bowel Syndrome
11. Years of Life Lost (YLL) is ___.
a) a measure of the number of years of life lost due to premature mortality in the population
b) calculated by multiplying the number of deaths by the estimated number of years of life
lost
c) not a valid measure
d) a and b
e) all of the above
12. In Nunavut, ___ is responsible for more YLL than any other cause of death.
a) depression
b) suicide
c) alcohol abuse
d) all of the above
13. The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) ___.
a) is created by subtracting the years lived with disability (YLD) from the years of life lost
(YLL)
b) provides a pooled measure of disability and premature mortality
c) has been used extensively by the World Health Organization (WHO)
d) is an estimation of the burden of disease caused by various illnesses and injuries
e) b, c, and d
2
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
14. In a series of well-known studies, the WHO estimated that depression is currently the ___ leading
contributor to the burden of disease worldwide.
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) fourth
15. Most mental disorders tend to first become prominent in childhood or adolescence; ___ is of
course a prominent exception to this pattern.
a) substance abuse and dependence
b) dementia
c) bipolar disorder
d) eating disorder
16. According to the Two Continua Model of mental health, which of the following statements is
true?
a) If you have symptoms of a mental health condition, you cannot have positive mental
health.
b) If you have positive mental health, you are free of any mental distress and/or emotional
challenges.
c) It’s possible to have a mental health condition and still experience well-being.
d) Its possible to experience positive and poor mental health simultaneously.
17. The movement of individuals with mental illnesses into jails and other institutions is described as
___.
a) institutionalization
b) transinstitutionalization
c) deinstitutionalization
d) criminalization
True or False
1. No laboratory test or physiological measure has been discovered that can produce a rating of a
person’s overall mental health despite the strong links that exist between mental states and the
physiological function of various organs of the body. (T)
2. Mental health has no correlation with quality of life. (F)
3. Properly done, a mental status examination will not take into account an individual’s cultural and
educational background. (F)
4. Mental status examination and psychological testing are valuable tools and provide the full
picture of an individual’s mental health. (F)
5. When trying to understand mental health and mental illness, it is better to focus on one
perspective at a time—physical science or social science. (F)
6. At the time of Confederation, it was presumed that mental illnesses were caused by physical
disease or damage to the brain. (T)
7. Historical accounts of Canadian asylums indicate that many tended to be custodial. (T)
8. Psychoanalysis made it less socially acceptable for people to receive therapy. (F)
9. Prior to the advent of psychoanalysis, psychiatric or psychological treatment was thought to be
something required only by individuals who had severe mental problems. (T)
10. A system of community-based services and supports that could replace institutional care for
people with mental illness in Canada has been adequately developed. (F)
3
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
11. In addition to people living with mental health or substance-use challenges, their family members
and other caregivers also have lived experience and can offer useful insights. (T)
12. As a way to monitor the mental health of people living in Canada, Statistics Canada asks
respondents to have a trusted family member or friend assess their mental health. (F)
Short Answer
1. The World Health Organization states that no single definition of mental health is widely
accepted. What is their basis for this statement? (1–2)
2. When health care professionals undertake an examination of an individual’s mental health, how
do they begin? (5)
3. Why is a cross-sectional view often inadequate in providing a meaningful picture of a person’s
mental health? (5)
4. What is the difference between the brain and the mind? (7)
5. What are the factors that influence the development of the human mind and affect mental health
and mental illness? (7)
6. Why is it problematic to employ reductionistic explanations when attempting to understand
mental health and mental illness? (8)
7. At the time of Confederation, asylums were established. What were the two different motivations
for the creation of asylums? (12)
8. Who was the father of psychoanalysis, and how did it work to explain mental illnesses? (13)
9. What conditions/trends led to the deinstitutionalization of people with mental illness? (15)
10. Why is it important to carry out epidemiological studies? (17)
11. Which organization developed the Positive Mental Health Conceptual Framework for
Surveillance, and what perspective does this framework provide on mental health? Explain. (3)
12. What is the difference between “mental health challenges” and “mental disorders or illnesses”?
(2–3)
13. Why do measures of lifetime prevalence (of specific illnesses) tend to be gross underestimates?
(18)
Discussion
1. What is mental health? What factors affect mental health? (1–22)
2. What kinds of approaches have been taken historically in the study of mental health? (8–10)
3. What kind of shifts in these approaches have occurred over time? (8–10)
4. What led to the deinstitutionalization of people with severe mental illnesses? How has it impacted
services for those with mental illness? (15–16)
5. Which do you feel are the most important epidemiological terms? Why? (17–19)
6. Discuss the terms “Years Lived with Disability,” “Years of Life Lost,” and “Disability Adjusted
Life Years.” (18–19)
7. Discuss the prevalence of mental disorders amongst people in Canada. (19–21)
4
,Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
Chapter 2: Understanding Mental Health through the Physical
Sciences
Multiple Choice—Choose the best or most appropriate answer
1. The hypothalamus is one of the most important parts of the brain, involved in many kinds
of motivation, among other functions. The hypothalamus controls the “Four Fs”: ___.
a) Fighting, fleeing, feeding, and mating
b) Fighting, fleeing, feeding, and frolicking
c) Fighting, finding, feeding, and frolicking
d) Flying, fleeing, feeding, figuring out
2. The average brain consists of about 100 ___ neurons.
a) million
b) billion
c) thousand
d) trillion
3. It is estimated that more than ___ percent of adults in Canada ingest caffeine on any
given day.
a) 30
b) 75
c) 50
d) 80
4. Sensory input includes information about ___ collected from nerve endings throughout
the body.
a) touch
b) pressure
c) pain
d) temperature
e) a, b, and c
f) all of the above
5. “Delusions” are defined as ___.
a) illogical or unlikely inferences
b) fixed false beliefs
c) mental health disorders
d) none of the above
6. Which of the following is a NOT an area of the brain that is part of the limbic system?
a. cingulate gyrus
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
d. hippothalamus
e. hippocampus
7. Identical (monozygotic) twins are not really identical. This is due to ___.
a) phenotypes
b) genotypes
5
, Test bank, A Concise Introduction to Mental Health in Canada, 3E E. Jenkins, A. Slemon, and D. Bilsker with E. M. Goldner
c) epigenetics
d) environmental influences
e) c and d
8. What serves as the “battery” to keep the brain going strong?
a) ATP—adenosine triphosphate
b) ATP—automatic transmission replacement
c) ADP—adenosine diphosphate
d) ADP—automatic data processing
9. Brain cells or neurons use only glucose derived from food as fuel, unlike other cells in
the human body, which use various nutrients. This is because of the ___.
a) surrounding capillaries
b) protective measures of the spinal cord
c) blood-brain barrier
d) none of the above
10. Very low blood glucose will ___.
a) disable brain function
b) cause loss of consciousness
c) possibly lead to death
d) all of the above
11. The brain uses about ___ percent of the body’s oxygen.
a) 80
b) 15
c) 20
d) 40
12. When we sustain a blow to the head, the brain is protected by ___.
a) the meninges
b) the limbic system
c) the cerebrospinal fluid
d) a and c
e) all of the above
13. Hormones are located in different sites in the body and usually stored in the ___.
a) glands
b) pancreas
c) ovaries
d) all of the above
14. Testosterone has an effect on ___.
a) mental function
b) mental energy
c) behaviour
d) libido
e) all of the above
6
