WGU D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is specifically concerned with removing partial functional
dependencies?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Second Normal Form (2NF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and
all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, thereby
removing partial dependencies.
2. In the relational model, what is the formal term for a ‘row’ in a table?
A. Tuple
B. Relation
,C. Attribute
D. Domain
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In relational database terminology, a row is formally called a
tuple, while a column is called an attribute.
3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. GROUP BY
C. HAVING
D. ORDER BY
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups based on aggregate
results (like SUM or COUNT), whereas WHERE filters individual rows before aggregation.
4. Which property of the ACID model ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit,
which either succeeds completely or fails completely?
A. Isolation
B. Consistency
C. Atomicity
, D. Durability
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Atomicity ensures that all operations within a transaction are
completed; if any part fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.
5. What type of relationship is represented by a bridge table (linking table) in a physical
database design?
A. Many-to-Many
B. One-to-Many
C. One-to-One
D. Unary
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Many-to-Many relationships cannot be directly implemented in
a relational database and must be resolved into two one-to-many relationships using a
bridge or associative table.
6. Which SQL command is classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. SELECT
B. ALTER
C. UPDATE
D. INSERT
FOUNDATIONS FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is specifically concerned with removing partial functional
dependencies?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Second Normal Form (2NF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and
all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, thereby
removing partial dependencies.
2. In the relational model, what is the formal term for a ‘row’ in a table?
A. Tuple
B. Relation
,C. Attribute
D. Domain
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In relational database terminology, a row is formally called a
tuple, while a column is called an attribute.
3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. GROUP BY
C. HAVING
D. ORDER BY
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups based on aggregate
results (like SUM or COUNT), whereas WHERE filters individual rows before aggregation.
4. Which property of the ACID model ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit,
which either succeeds completely or fails completely?
A. Isolation
B. Consistency
C. Atomicity
, D. Durability
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Atomicity ensures that all operations within a transaction are
completed; if any part fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.
5. What type of relationship is represented by a bridge table (linking table) in a physical
database design?
A. Many-to-Many
B. One-to-Many
C. One-to-One
D. Unary
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Many-to-Many relationships cannot be directly implemented in
a relational database and must be resolved into two one-to-many relationships using a
bridge or associative table.
6. Which SQL command is classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. SELECT
B. ALTER
C. UPDATE
D. INSERT
