D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS FINAL PREP EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is achieved when all partial functional dependencies have been
removed?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Second Normal Form (2NF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) specifically addresses and
eliminates partial functional dependencies, requiring all non-key attributes to be fully
functionally dependent on the entire primary key.
2. What is the primary difference between the WHERE and HAVING clauses in SQL?
A. HAVING filters rows before grouping, while WHERE filters groups after the GROUP BY
clause.
,B. WHERE filters rows before grouping, while HAVING filters groups after the GROUP BY
clause.
C. WHERE can only be used with aggregate functions.
D. There is no difference; they are interchangeable.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The WHERE clause filters individual records before any
grouping occurs, whereas HAVING is used to filter the results generated by a GROUP BY
clause based on aggregate conditions.
3. Which type of key consists of two or more attributes that uniquely identify a row in a
table?
A. Foreign Key
B. Composite Key
C. Surrogate Key
D. Primary Key
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A composite key is a candidate key that consists of two or more
attributes (columns) that together uniquely identify an entity occurrence or row.
4. In a relational database, what does referential integrity ensure?
A. That data is stored in the most efficient format possible.
, B. That every primary key value is unique.
C. That no columns contain NULL values.
D. That a foreign key value must always point to an existing primary key value in the
related table.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Referential integrity is a property of data stating that all its
references are valid. In the context of relational databases, it requires every value of one
attribute (column) of a relation (table) to exist as a value of another attribute in a different
(or the same) relation.
5. Which normal form requires the removal of transitive dependencies?
A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. 4NF
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) requires that the table is in 2NF and
that all non-key attributes are not transitively dependent on the primary key (i.e., non-key
attributes must depend only on the primary key).
FOUNDATIONS FINAL PREP EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is achieved when all partial functional dependencies have been
removed?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Second Normal Form (2NF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) specifically addresses and
eliminates partial functional dependencies, requiring all non-key attributes to be fully
functionally dependent on the entire primary key.
2. What is the primary difference between the WHERE and HAVING clauses in SQL?
A. HAVING filters rows before grouping, while WHERE filters groups after the GROUP BY
clause.
,B. WHERE filters rows before grouping, while HAVING filters groups after the GROUP BY
clause.
C. WHERE can only be used with aggregate functions.
D. There is no difference; they are interchangeable.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The WHERE clause filters individual records before any
grouping occurs, whereas HAVING is used to filter the results generated by a GROUP BY
clause based on aggregate conditions.
3. Which type of key consists of two or more attributes that uniquely identify a row in a
table?
A. Foreign Key
B. Composite Key
C. Surrogate Key
D. Primary Key
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A composite key is a candidate key that consists of two or more
attributes (columns) that together uniquely identify an entity occurrence or row.
4. In a relational database, what does referential integrity ensure?
A. That data is stored in the most efficient format possible.
, B. That every primary key value is unique.
C. That no columns contain NULL values.
D. That a foreign key value must always point to an existing primary key value in the
related table.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Referential integrity is a property of data stating that all its
references are valid. In the context of relational databases, it requires every value of one
attribute (column) of a relation (table) to exist as a value of another attribute in a different
(or the same) relation.
5. Which normal form requires the removal of transitive dependencies?
A. 1NF
B. 2NF
C. 3NF
D. 4NF
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) requires that the table is in 2NF and
that all non-key attributes are not transitively dependent on the primary key (i.e., non-key
attributes must depend only on the primary key).
