BSC 108 University of Alabama Test 3
Review Questions Fully Solved.
What are the differences between RNA and DNA? - Answer DNA is double-stranded, forming a
double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded
What are the four nucleotide bases for DNA and RNA? - Answer DNA contains thymine (T),
cytosine (C), adenine (A), and guanine (G). RNA- Uracil instead of thymine
How do the bases pair in a DNA strand? RNA strand? - Answer DNA (A-T), (C-G), RNA (A-U)
What is a mutation? What can cause a mutation? - Answer Is any change in the nucleotide
sequence of DNA. Errors in DNA replication. Physical or chemical agents called mutagens.
Know where the sugar, phosphates, and nucleotides are located on the double helix - Answer
They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-
phosphate backbone.
How can a mutation be good, bad or cause no obvious difference? - Answer Mutations are the
basis of cancer, many genetic diseases and evolution.
Who won the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA? - Answer James Watson and Francis Crick
Who is Rosalind Franklin? - Answer Discovered the Double Helix
What is DNA Replication? - Answer When a cell or whole organism reproduces, a complete set
of genetic instructions must pass from one generation to the next
What is Transcription? - Answer DNA to RNA
What is Translation - Answer RNA to Protein
Where does DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation take place in the cell? - Answer
Transcription occurs in the nucleus. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm. Specific sites for DNA
replication along double helix.
, . How can a mutation in DNA result in a protein not functioning correctly? - Answer By
changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction
or to not be produced at all.
What is a mutagen? Know some examples of mutagens. - Answer a chemical or physical agent
capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations. Cancer
What is a gene? - Answer the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
What are homologous chromosomes? - Answer paired chromosomes with genes for the same
traits arranged in the same order
What is zygote? - Answer fertilized egg
Who is Gregor Mendel? - Answer Deduced the fundamental principles of genetics
Why did Gregor Mendel use the garden pea? - Answer These plants are easily manipulated
and can self-fertilize
Allele - Answer For each inherited characteristic
Dominant - Answer If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the
organism's appearance
What is the P generation? - Answer parental generation
. How do you produce an F1 generation? - Answer The offspring of two parental (P generation)
individuals; F1 stands for first filial.
. How do you produce an F2 generation? - Answer crossing F1s to each other
What is Mendel's 4 hypotheses and what does each mean? - Answer 1. There are alternative
forms of genes, the units that determine heritable traits
2. For each inherited character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent
3. If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance
and is called the dominant allele, the other has no
noticeable effect on the organism's appearance and is called the recessive allele
Review Questions Fully Solved.
What are the differences between RNA and DNA? - Answer DNA is double-stranded, forming a
double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded
What are the four nucleotide bases for DNA and RNA? - Answer DNA contains thymine (T),
cytosine (C), adenine (A), and guanine (G). RNA- Uracil instead of thymine
How do the bases pair in a DNA strand? RNA strand? - Answer DNA (A-T), (C-G), RNA (A-U)
What is a mutation? What can cause a mutation? - Answer Is any change in the nucleotide
sequence of DNA. Errors in DNA replication. Physical or chemical agents called mutagens.
Know where the sugar, phosphates, and nucleotides are located on the double helix - Answer
They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-
phosphate backbone.
How can a mutation be good, bad or cause no obvious difference? - Answer Mutations are the
basis of cancer, many genetic diseases and evolution.
Who won the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA? - Answer James Watson and Francis Crick
Who is Rosalind Franklin? - Answer Discovered the Double Helix
What is DNA Replication? - Answer When a cell or whole organism reproduces, a complete set
of genetic instructions must pass from one generation to the next
What is Transcription? - Answer DNA to RNA
What is Translation - Answer RNA to Protein
Where does DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation take place in the cell? - Answer
Transcription occurs in the nucleus. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm. Specific sites for DNA
replication along double helix.
, . How can a mutation in DNA result in a protein not functioning correctly? - Answer By
changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction
or to not be produced at all.
What is a mutagen? Know some examples of mutagens. - Answer a chemical or physical agent
capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations. Cancer
What is a gene? - Answer the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
What are homologous chromosomes? - Answer paired chromosomes with genes for the same
traits arranged in the same order
What is zygote? - Answer fertilized egg
Who is Gregor Mendel? - Answer Deduced the fundamental principles of genetics
Why did Gregor Mendel use the garden pea? - Answer These plants are easily manipulated
and can self-fertilize
Allele - Answer For each inherited characteristic
Dominant - Answer If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the
organism's appearance
What is the P generation? - Answer parental generation
. How do you produce an F1 generation? - Answer The offspring of two parental (P generation)
individuals; F1 stands for first filial.
. How do you produce an F2 generation? - Answer crossing F1s to each other
What is Mendel's 4 hypotheses and what does each mean? - Answer 1. There are alternative
forms of genes, the units that determine heritable traits
2. For each inherited character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent
3. If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance
and is called the dominant allele, the other has no
noticeable effect on the organism's appearance and is called the recessive allele
