WGU C190 FINAL EXAM - INTRO TO
BIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which property of water allows it to resist drastic temperature changes, making it an ideal
environment for marine life?
A. Low density as a solid
B. Strong surface tension
C. Universal solvent capabilities
D. High specific heat capacity
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: High specific heat capacity means water requires a significant
amount of energy to change its temperature, which stabilizes aquatic environments.
2. Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic
information and directing protein synthesis?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
,C. Nucleic Acids
D. Proteins
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic code and carry the
instructions for building proteins.
3. In a phospholipid bilayer, which part of the molecule is oriented toward the aqueous
environment?
A. Hydrophobic fatty acid tails
B. Hydrophilic phosphate heads
C. Cholesterol anchors
D. Non-polar hydrocarbon chains
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The phosphate heads are polar (hydrophilic) and face the water,
while the tails are non-polar (hydrophobic) and face inward.
4. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Lipid synthesis
B. ATP production
C. Detoxification of chemicals
, D. Protein synthesis and modification
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is the site where
proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion are synthesized.
5. Which organelle is considered the ‘post office’ of the cell, responsible for sorting and
packaging proteins for transport?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies
them, and ships them to their final destinations.
6. According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed. How
does this apply to biological systems?
A. Cells generate energy from nothing during metabolism.
B. Biological systems create energy to maintain homeostasis.
C. Energy is lost forever when a cell dies.
BIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which property of water allows it to resist drastic temperature changes, making it an ideal
environment for marine life?
A. Low density as a solid
B. Strong surface tension
C. Universal solvent capabilities
D. High specific heat capacity
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: High specific heat capacity means water requires a significant
amount of energy to change its temperature, which stabilizes aquatic environments.
2. Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic
information and directing protein synthesis?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
,C. Nucleic Acids
D. Proteins
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic code and carry the
instructions for building proteins.
3. In a phospholipid bilayer, which part of the molecule is oriented toward the aqueous
environment?
A. Hydrophobic fatty acid tails
B. Hydrophilic phosphate heads
C. Cholesterol anchors
D. Non-polar hydrocarbon chains
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The phosphate heads are polar (hydrophilic) and face the water,
while the tails are non-polar (hydrophobic) and face inward.
4. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Lipid synthesis
B. ATP production
C. Detoxification of chemicals
, D. Protein synthesis and modification
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is the site where
proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion are synthesized.
5. Which organelle is considered the ‘post office’ of the cell, responsible for sorting and
packaging proteins for transport?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies
them, and ships them to their final destinations.
6. According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed. How
does this apply to biological systems?
A. Cells generate energy from nothing during metabolism.
B. Biological systems create energy to maintain homeostasis.
C. Energy is lost forever when a cell dies.
