WGU D514 Analytical Methods for Healthcare Leaders | Complete Exam-Prep Bundle

D514 Analytical Methods of Healthcare
Leaders
ANOVA test - ANS>>Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be used in research studies
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where there are two or more groups to compare.
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Chi-square tests - ANS>>Chi-square tests determine if an association exists between
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two categorical variables.
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Control group - ANS>>In a healthcare environment, this group of patients does not
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receive the treatment that is being studied.
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Experimental group - ANS>>This group of patients receives the treatment being xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx



studied with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the treatment.
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F-test - ANS>>The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The
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ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will
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be 1.
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Frequency - ANS>>Frequencies measure how often a particular value occurs to
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assess the importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a study.
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Hypothesis - ANS>>A proposed explanation for an observation that leads to a
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prediction. Through investigation and the use of statistical data, those doing the study
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will either confirm or reject the hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis will show if there is
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a link (or not) between two or more variables.
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Integrity - ANS>>Research always makes some assumptions, depending on the type
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of method used. Research assumptions must be identified to determine possible
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breaches of integrity.
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Interval data - ANS>>Interval data includes units of equal size, such as IQ results.
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There is no zero point. An example of interval scale is time: Time is measured in 24
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hours in each day; the time between each hour is the same, 60 minutes.
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Mean - ANS>>Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all scores by the total
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number of scores.
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Median - ANS>>Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values, or the point above
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or below which 50 percent of the values fall.
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Methods section components - ANS>>When analyzing the quality of a study, a careful
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evaluation of the research methods can reveal critical details about population and
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sample, covariables and hypothesis, data presentation, statistical analysis, and study
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limitations.
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,D514 Analytical Methods of Healthcare
Leaders
Misleading statistics - ANS>>Interpreting and presenting the results of data analysis
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affords many opportunities for accidental or deliberate misrepresentations of data.
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Common examples include implying causation, extrapolating beyond the reasonable,
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relying on a biased or incomplete sample, and using inappropriate graphical
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representations.
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Mode - ANS>>Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data.
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Multivariate regression analyses - ANS>>Multivariate regression analyses can be used
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to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model contrasts each measured factor to the
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patient's risk of a particular outcome.
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Nominal data - ANS>>Nominal data can be measured as a frequency or percentage,
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and the mean of these data cannot be calculated. Nominal data in healthcare might
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include demographic information about patients. The word nominal means "pertaining
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to a name."
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Ordinal data - ANS>>Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and the mean of
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ordinal data is often calculated. Ordinal data in healthcare might include patient
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satisfaction surveys using a Likert scale. The word ordinal means to "put in order."
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Parametric and nonparametric tests - ANS>>Parametric tests are based on probability
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distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are not normally distributed.
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Pearson's correlation - ANS>>Pearson's correlation is used with interval and ordinal
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scale data and determines the extent to which a change in one variable tends to be
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associated with a change in another.
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Qualitative research methods - ANS>>Qualitative research is aimed at understanding
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perceptions, perspectives, interpretations, and opinions. Qualitative research methods
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often include questionnaires, interviews, written documents, observations, and focus
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groups.
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Ratio data - ANS>>Divide one quantity by another, and you have a value. You will
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have a proportion, a percentage or a rate.
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Reliability, validity, and analysis of questionnaires - ANS>>Questionnaires can be
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evaluated for reliability based on their consistency (stability) or repeatability over time;
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questionnaires are valid if they measure or record what they purport to measure. Data
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from questionnaires may then be grouped according to nominal, ordinal, or interval or
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ratio data.
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, D514 Analytical Methods of Healthcare
Leaders
Research - ANS>>Research can inform decisions regarding the development and
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efficacy of new processes, systems, technologies, environments, and organizational
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structures to support operations.
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Research platform - ANS>>Research is built on a platform of previous knowledge, the
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scientific method.
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Risk adjustment - ANS>>Risk adjustment is essential for comparing data across
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systems, especially among patients with varying comorbid diseases and complex
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treatment modalities. Multivariate regression analyses can be used to analyze and
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adjust risk. This analysis model looks at each measured factor to the patient's risk of a
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particular outcome.
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Risk of error and harm - ANS>>Studies should include an analysis of any sources of
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error as well as a thorough explanation of the consequences associated with a
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particular study treatment.
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Sample size - ANS>>The design of the study provides insight into an appropriate
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number and volume of each variable. The calculation of statistical confidence factors
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informs the validity testing of the study sample size.
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Standard Deviation - ANS>>Standard deviation determines the amount of variance in a
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set of data and evaluates the degree to which each case deviates from the average,
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or mean.
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Statistical significance - ANS>>The observation is statistically significant if the null
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hypothesis is rejected. In a research study, the null hypothesis states there is no
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association between the independent and dependent variables in a study.
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t-test - ANS>>The t-test helps the researcher to compare whether two groups have
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different average values. A paired t-test is used when each observation in one group
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is paired with a related observation in another.
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Variables - ANS>>The independent variable is the factor that is directly manipulated by
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the researchers. The dependent variable is the measurable variable that depends on
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the independent variable.
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Master Population/Patient Index (MPI) - ANS>>Assigns specific medical record
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number to avoid duplicate patient records. Includes patient's demographic information
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and dates of encounters.
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Disease Registries - ANS>>Secondary data gathered on patient diagnosis, condition,
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and procedure. Used for public health purposes and documenting disease prevalence.
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