Page 1 of 42
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions. Previous examination papers were used to compile these notes,
(EC/NOVEMBER 2020), @SACAI TEST T3_2020, @SACAI TEST T3_2021, CONTROLLED TEST 2_ Gauteng/2023. @SACAI NOV 2019 – 2022.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and
current examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers,
tests and typical assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools
were used to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you
are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination
preparation. They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, Page 2 of 42
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together
with the Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
Contents
Population distribution and density 3
Population structure 7
Population growth 15
Population movements 19
Map work 31
Term Definition
Population indicators Statistics that show how the population is changing
Population distribution is how people are spread across a
Population distribution
geographical area.
People who leave their country of origin to settle in another
Emigrants
country.
Population explosion The rapid increase in the country's population
A graph showing the population structure in terms of age
Population pyramid
and gender
Rural population The number of people living in rural areas
People who are forced to leave their country because of
Refugees
war, conflict or persecution.
Population density The number of people per square kilometer
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, Page 3 of 42
Term Definition
A strong feeling of fear and dislike or dread of people from
Xenophobia
other countries
The expected average number of years that people will live
Life expectancy
in a country
GIS vector data Spatial data represented by points, lines and polygons.
GIS raster data Spatial data represented by pixels.
A vertical aerial photograph that has been geometrically
Orthophoto map corrected and on which contour lines, elevations, names
and other map information may be indicated.
Population distribution and density
Study the following: @NOV 2020
The difference between densely populated and sparsely populated places.
Densely populated: an area where many people live.
Sparsely populated: an area where a small number of people live
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, Page 4 of 42
The measurement used to calculate population density.
People living in an area per square kilometre.
People prefer to stay in:
Figure B – people will prefer to live in such a place because of the good climate and
sufficient resources available – this will lead to more people moving to this area.
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how human movement and close contact can
contribute to the international spread of disease. It has become a global problem and
measures are being taken to combat the virus.
• People move around the world for work, education, tours, and visiting family and
friends/various purposes.
• The movement of people and physical contact with others has led to the spread of the virus.
• Modern air travel enables people and diseases to move rapidly between countries.
• Most people live in cities. This makes public transportation essential – this has led to the
virus spreading more widely.
• Restricting people from being able to travel has helped to effectively reduce the spread of
the virus.
• The big problem with the effectiveness of the measures is that the virus had already spread
before the measures were put in place, so people were already infected.
• OR travellers who were stranded in a foreign country could have spread the virus before the
virus was known in that country.
Why citizens of an area/country are negative towards refugees/foreigners.
Some citizens incorrectly believe that refugees and foreign nationals take employment
opportunities away from local people:
• steal their work,
• damage social cohesion and national unity,
• isolate themselves and refuse to adopt the language and culture of a new country,
• misuse the resources in the country.
___________________________________________________
Study the following diagram showing the life expectancy of countries. @SACAI TEST T3_2021
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions. Previous examination papers were used to compile these notes,
(EC/NOVEMBER 2020), @SACAI TEST T3_2020, @SACAI TEST T3_2021, CONTROLLED TEST 2_ Gauteng/2023. @SACAI NOV 2019 – 2022.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and
current examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers,
tests and typical assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools
were used to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you
are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination
preparation. They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, Page 2 of 42
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together
with the Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
Contents
Population distribution and density 3
Population structure 7
Population growth 15
Population movements 19
Map work 31
Term Definition
Population indicators Statistics that show how the population is changing
Population distribution is how people are spread across a
Population distribution
geographical area.
People who leave their country of origin to settle in another
Emigrants
country.
Population explosion The rapid increase in the country's population
A graph showing the population structure in terms of age
Population pyramid
and gender
Rural population The number of people living in rural areas
People who are forced to leave their country because of
Refugees
war, conflict or persecution.
Population density The number of people per square kilometer
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, Page 3 of 42
Term Definition
A strong feeling of fear and dislike or dread of people from
Xenophobia
other countries
The expected average number of years that people will live
Life expectancy
in a country
GIS vector data Spatial data represented by points, lines and polygons.
GIS raster data Spatial data represented by pixels.
A vertical aerial photograph that has been geometrically
Orthophoto map corrected and on which contour lines, elevations, names
and other map information may be indicated.
Population distribution and density
Study the following: @NOV 2020
The difference between densely populated and sparsely populated places.
Densely populated: an area where many people live.
Sparsely populated: an area where a small number of people live
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, Page 4 of 42
The measurement used to calculate population density.
People living in an area per square kilometre.
People prefer to stay in:
Figure B – people will prefer to live in such a place because of the good climate and
sufficient resources available – this will lead to more people moving to this area.
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how human movement and close contact can
contribute to the international spread of disease. It has become a global problem and
measures are being taken to combat the virus.
• People move around the world for work, education, tours, and visiting family and
friends/various purposes.
• The movement of people and physical contact with others has led to the spread of the virus.
• Modern air travel enables people and diseases to move rapidly between countries.
• Most people live in cities. This makes public transportation essential – this has led to the
virus spreading more widely.
• Restricting people from being able to travel has helped to effectively reduce the spread of
the virus.
• The big problem with the effectiveness of the measures is that the virus had already spread
before the measures were put in place, so people were already infected.
• OR travellers who were stranded in a foreign country could have spread the virus before the
virus was known in that country.
Why citizens of an area/country are negative towards refugees/foreigners.
Some citizens incorrectly believe that refugees and foreign nationals take employment
opportunities away from local people:
• steal their work,
• damage social cohesion and national unity,
• isolate themselves and refuse to adopt the language and culture of a new country,
• misuse the resources in the country.
___________________________________________________
Study the following diagram showing the life expectancy of countries. @SACAI TEST T3_2021
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
