HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology V1/V2
Study Guide: 200 Verified Exam Q&As
QUESTION 1
All living things are made up of?
A. Tissues
B. Organs
C. Cells
D. Systems
Answer: C. Cells
Rationale: The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living
organisms. Tissues are groups of cells, organs are structures composed of multiple
tissues, and systems are groups of organs working together. Cells are the basic unit of
life .
QUESTION 2
Which cellular organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production during aerobic
respiration?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: The mitochondrion is the site of oxidative phosphorylation, producing the
majority of ATP required for cellular energy through the process of aerobic respiration.
This is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell .
QUESTION 3
Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?
,A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Cytoplasm
Answer: C. Plasma membrane
Rationale: The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a selectively
permeable barrier that regulates the transport of substances into and out of the cell. It
controls the movement of ions, nutrients, and waste products .
QUESTION 4
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. Produces ATP
B. Packaging proteins for secretion and transporting lipids around the cell;
synthesizes carbs and glycoproteins
C. Synthesizes proteins
D. Contains digestive enzymes
Answer: B. Packaging proteins for secretion and transporting lipids around the
cell; synthesizes carbs and glycoproteins
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for
secretion or delivery to other organelles. It is often described as the "post office" of the
cell .
QUESTION 5
What is endocytosis?
A. Releases contents outside of the cell
B. Engulfs and brings substances into the cell
C. Moves molecules along a concentration gradient
D. Moves water across a membrane
Answer: B. Engulfs and brings substances into the cell
,Rationale: Endocytosis is a process where the cell membrane engulfs material from the
outside to bring it into the cell. "Endo" means internal, referring to the inward
movement .
QUESTION 6
What is exocytosis?
A. Engulfs and brings substances into the cell
B. Releases contents outside of the cell
C. Moves molecules along a concentration gradient
D. Moves water across a membrane
Answer: B. Releases contents outside of the cell
Rationale: Exocytosis is the process where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and
release their contents outside of the cell. "Exo" means exit .
QUESTION 7
What is diffusion?
A. Movement of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
B. Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient from high to
low concentration
C. Movement of molecules requiring energy
D. Movement of molecules using carrier proteins
Answer: B. Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient
from high to low concentration
Rationale: Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. It does
not require energy .
QUESTION 8
What is osmosis?
, A. Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
B. Movement of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
C. Movement of molecules requiring ATP
D. Movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
Answer: B. Movement of water across a membrane from low to high
concentration
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively
permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water
concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration) .
QUESTION 9
Active transport requires?
A. No energy
B. Energy (ATP) from the cell
C. Carrier proteins only
D. A concentration gradient
Answer: B. Energy (ATP) from the cell
Rationale: Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules
against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration .
QUESTION 10
Passive transport?
A. Requires energy
B. Does not require energy
C. Only involves carrier proteins
D. Moves molecules from low to high concentration
Answer: B. Does not require energy
Rationale: Passive transport does not require cellular energy. It relies on the kinetic
energy of molecules to move them down a concentration gradient .
Study Guide: 200 Verified Exam Q&As
QUESTION 1
All living things are made up of?
A. Tissues
B. Organs
C. Cells
D. Systems
Answer: C. Cells
Rationale: The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living
organisms. Tissues are groups of cells, organs are structures composed of multiple
tissues, and systems are groups of organs working together. Cells are the basic unit of
life .
QUESTION 2
Which cellular organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production during aerobic
respiration?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: The mitochondrion is the site of oxidative phosphorylation, producing the
majority of ATP required for cellular energy through the process of aerobic respiration.
This is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell .
QUESTION 3
Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?
,A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Cytoplasm
Answer: C. Plasma membrane
Rationale: The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a selectively
permeable barrier that regulates the transport of substances into and out of the cell. It
controls the movement of ions, nutrients, and waste products .
QUESTION 4
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. Produces ATP
B. Packaging proteins for secretion and transporting lipids around the cell;
synthesizes carbs and glycoproteins
C. Synthesizes proteins
D. Contains digestive enzymes
Answer: B. Packaging proteins for secretion and transporting lipids around the
cell; synthesizes carbs and glycoproteins
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for
secretion or delivery to other organelles. It is often described as the "post office" of the
cell .
QUESTION 5
What is endocytosis?
A. Releases contents outside of the cell
B. Engulfs and brings substances into the cell
C. Moves molecules along a concentration gradient
D. Moves water across a membrane
Answer: B. Engulfs and brings substances into the cell
,Rationale: Endocytosis is a process where the cell membrane engulfs material from the
outside to bring it into the cell. "Endo" means internal, referring to the inward
movement .
QUESTION 6
What is exocytosis?
A. Engulfs and brings substances into the cell
B. Releases contents outside of the cell
C. Moves molecules along a concentration gradient
D. Moves water across a membrane
Answer: B. Releases contents outside of the cell
Rationale: Exocytosis is the process where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and
release their contents outside of the cell. "Exo" means exit .
QUESTION 7
What is diffusion?
A. Movement of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
B. Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient from high to
low concentration
C. Movement of molecules requiring energy
D. Movement of molecules using carrier proteins
Answer: B. Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient
from high to low concentration
Rationale: Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. It does
not require energy .
QUESTION 8
What is osmosis?
, A. Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
B. Movement of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
C. Movement of molecules requiring ATP
D. Movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
Answer: B. Movement of water across a membrane from low to high
concentration
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively
permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water
concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration) .
QUESTION 9
Active transport requires?
A. No energy
B. Energy (ATP) from the cell
C. Carrier proteins only
D. A concentration gradient
Answer: B. Energy (ATP) from the cell
Rationale: Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules
against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration .
QUESTION 10
Passive transport?
A. Requires energy
B. Does not require energy
C. Only involves carrier proteins
D. Moves molecules from low to high concentration
Answer: B. Does not require energy
Rationale: Passive transport does not require cellular energy. It relies on the kinetic
energy of molecules to move them down a concentration gradient .
