Psychology 1020 - Final Exam Prep
Questions and Answers
What is the research method in which a researcher engages in careful recording of
behaviour without intervening directly with the subjects? - ANSWER-naturalistic
observation method
Dr. Tremblay is a clinical psychologist who notes that an unusually large number of
depressed or anxious people tend to gain weight. She offers an explanation that the
hormones associated with stress lead to changes in metabolism that cause weight gain.
What is the term for her explanation? - ANSWER-theory
What are the physical stimuli for the sense of taste? - ANSWER-chemical substances
that are soluble in water
While at a yard sale, you and your roommate find a great old couch. Which component
of working memory are you using as you try to determine whether the couch will fit in
your dorm room if you rearrange the beds, dressers, and desks? - ANSWER-
visuospatial sketchpad
Why do most students find recognition tests easier than recall tests? - ANSWER-
Recognition tests provide retrieval cues
Psychologists who accept the accuracy of recovered memories of abuse are most likely
to attribute the recent upsurge in recovered memories to which factor? - ANSWER-
increased sensitivity to an issue that people used to be reluctant to discuss
Which memory system requires little effort or attention in order to recall a memory and,
in it, memories do not decline much over long retention intervals? - ANSWER-
procedural memory
Which memory system contains your memory of your favourite birthday party? -
ANSWER-episodic memory
Nick was a witness to a robbery in a convenience store where the thief jumped over the
counter, grabbed a handful of money and left very quickly. When a police officer
interviewed Nick and the cashier, Nick told the police officer that he did not see a
weapon of any kind. The cashier said that she saw a gun. Later, when Nick was telling
his friends about the robbery, he recalled seeing a gun. According to Loftus, what
changed Nick's memory for the event? - ANSWER-misinformation effect
, Their mom asked Emil and Niklas to help her remember to buy apples. While Emil
focused his attention on how apples were his favourite fruit, Niklas thought of seeing a
bag of big red apples in the shopping cart. Which methods were the two boys using? -
ANSWER-elaboration and visual imagery
Which of the following is suggested about a memory trace, based on evidence about
long-term potentiation (LTP)? - ANSWER-It consists of specific neural circuits.
Which theory suggests that memory is enhanced by forming both semantic and visual
codes? - ANSWER-dual-coding theory
Multiple-choice exams such as this one primarily measure retention by using which
method? - ANSWER-recognition
Around what age do children typically start to understand and use ironic or sarcastic
statements? - ANSWER-6-8 yrs
Which of the following theorists suggested that children are equipped with a language
acquisition device (LAD) that allows them to acquire language? - ANSWER-Noam
Chomsky
Rules exist that govern how words may be combined into phrases and sentences. What
property of language is reflected by such rules? - ANSWER-Language is structured.
Which heuristic is reflected in our tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable
events? - ANSWER-availability heuristic
According to interactionist theories of language development, what is necessary for
adult language production? - ANSWER-evolved predisposition for language and social
interaction to shape development of language
What is the term for the process by which a child learns a new word after only one
exposure to the word? - ANSWER-fast-mapping
Which of the following is a shortcut, or guiding principle, used in solving problems or
making decisions? - ANSWER-a heuristic
Which of the following is defined as a methodical, step-by-step procedure for trying all
possible alternatives in searching for a solution to a problem? - ANSWER-an algorithm
What is the term for incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events
happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone? -
ANSWER-conjunction fallacy
Questions and Answers
What is the research method in which a researcher engages in careful recording of
behaviour without intervening directly with the subjects? - ANSWER-naturalistic
observation method
Dr. Tremblay is a clinical psychologist who notes that an unusually large number of
depressed or anxious people tend to gain weight. She offers an explanation that the
hormones associated with stress lead to changes in metabolism that cause weight gain.
What is the term for her explanation? - ANSWER-theory
What are the physical stimuli for the sense of taste? - ANSWER-chemical substances
that are soluble in water
While at a yard sale, you and your roommate find a great old couch. Which component
of working memory are you using as you try to determine whether the couch will fit in
your dorm room if you rearrange the beds, dressers, and desks? - ANSWER-
visuospatial sketchpad
Why do most students find recognition tests easier than recall tests? - ANSWER-
Recognition tests provide retrieval cues
Psychologists who accept the accuracy of recovered memories of abuse are most likely
to attribute the recent upsurge in recovered memories to which factor? - ANSWER-
increased sensitivity to an issue that people used to be reluctant to discuss
Which memory system requires little effort or attention in order to recall a memory and,
in it, memories do not decline much over long retention intervals? - ANSWER-
procedural memory
Which memory system contains your memory of your favourite birthday party? -
ANSWER-episodic memory
Nick was a witness to a robbery in a convenience store where the thief jumped over the
counter, grabbed a handful of money and left very quickly. When a police officer
interviewed Nick and the cashier, Nick told the police officer that he did not see a
weapon of any kind. The cashier said that she saw a gun. Later, when Nick was telling
his friends about the robbery, he recalled seeing a gun. According to Loftus, what
changed Nick's memory for the event? - ANSWER-misinformation effect
, Their mom asked Emil and Niklas to help her remember to buy apples. While Emil
focused his attention on how apples were his favourite fruit, Niklas thought of seeing a
bag of big red apples in the shopping cart. Which methods were the two boys using? -
ANSWER-elaboration and visual imagery
Which of the following is suggested about a memory trace, based on evidence about
long-term potentiation (LTP)? - ANSWER-It consists of specific neural circuits.
Which theory suggests that memory is enhanced by forming both semantic and visual
codes? - ANSWER-dual-coding theory
Multiple-choice exams such as this one primarily measure retention by using which
method? - ANSWER-recognition
Around what age do children typically start to understand and use ironic or sarcastic
statements? - ANSWER-6-8 yrs
Which of the following theorists suggested that children are equipped with a language
acquisition device (LAD) that allows them to acquire language? - ANSWER-Noam
Chomsky
Rules exist that govern how words may be combined into phrases and sentences. What
property of language is reflected by such rules? - ANSWER-Language is structured.
Which heuristic is reflected in our tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable
events? - ANSWER-availability heuristic
According to interactionist theories of language development, what is necessary for
adult language production? - ANSWER-evolved predisposition for language and social
interaction to shape development of language
What is the term for the process by which a child learns a new word after only one
exposure to the word? - ANSWER-fast-mapping
Which of the following is a shortcut, or guiding principle, used in solving problems or
making decisions? - ANSWER-a heuristic
Which of the following is defined as a methodical, step-by-step procedure for trying all
possible alternatives in searching for a solution to a problem? - ANSWER-an algorithm
What is the term for incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events
happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone? -
ANSWER-conjunction fallacy
