PSYC 1020 Trent Exam Verified
Solutions
Define Psychology - ANS-The scientific study of behaviour & mental processes
Mental processes are those phenomena that include... - ANS-Thoughts, feelings, &
memories
What do psychologists mean by behaviour? - ANS-Any activity of a person or animal
that can be observed & measured
True or false: Psychology started off with a number of different branches - ANS-False
Define system/perspectives - ANS-Assumptions & theories about how people work that
are clustered together to form that perspective
In the early history of psychology there appear to be how many distinct groups? - ANS-
Two
What were the two different early perspectives? - ANS-1. Studied human
consciousness & human thought- using a variety of methods
2. Only studied observable & objective behaviour
In the first psychological laboratory who attempted to study in an experiential manner
human consciousness under a variety of conditions - ANS-Wundt & Others
Who was the founder of psychology? - ANS-Wundt
Where was Wundt's laboratory? - ANS-Leipzig, Germany
When was Wundt's laboratory founded? - ANS-1879
What did Wundt insist that psychology use? - ANS-The scientific method
Who attempted to study the same phenonomena as Wundt using his method called
structuralism? - ANS-Titchener
What was the goal of structuralism? - ANS-To study the basic elements or structure of
conscious mental experience
,What is introspection? - ANS-Participant reports what he or she felt after being
presented a stimulus
What were the problems with Structuralism? - ANS-1. Different people reported different
sensations & perceptions & experiences
2. Same person different experience to same stimulus
Why did functionalism arise? - ANS-As a reaction against structuralism
What was functionalism? - ANS-Concerned with how mental processes function and
adapt (in different environments)
Functionalism is based on what? - ANS-Darwin's theory of evolution
Functionalism was the first to investigate what? - ANS-Individual differences
Gestalt psychology is based on what? - ANS-The idea that form perception is
determined by certain organising properties of the brain
Perceptual differences are greater than what? - ANS-The sum of our sensations
Who were the people behind behaviourism? - ANS-John Watson & B. F. Skinner
Behaviourists believe that psychology should focus only on what? - ANS-Observable
behaviours & their relationship to events that can be objectively measured
Behaviourists believe that behaviour is determined primarily by what? - ANS-Factors in
the environment
Behaviourism can explain behaviour by analysing what? - ANS-The conditions that
were present before the behaviour occurred & by analysing the consequences of the
behaviour
What is operant conditioning? - ANS-the importance of reinforcement in learning & in
the shaping & maintaining of behaviour
What is the emphasis in humanistic psychology? - ANS-Humanity's special
characteristics: the inherently positive aspects of human nature
Humanistic psychology is concerned with what? - ANS-A person's subjective
experience of him/herself
What does cognitive psychology focus on? - ANS-Examining mental processes such as
memory, problem solving, concept formation, reasoning, language & perception
, What did James Olds study? - ANS-Electrical stimulation of the brain evokes emotional
responses in animals
What did Roger Sperry study? - ANS-Left and Right brain specialization
What did Donald Hebb study? - ANS-Cell-assemblies describe neural networks
What does Evolutionary psychology focus on? - ANS-How humans have evolved and
adapted behaviours required for survival
Most psychologists tend to favour what kind of approach? - ANS-An interactionist
approach
What is a multi-perspective approach? - ANS-An attempt to combine elements of the
various perspectives to understand the whole person
What is clinical psychology? - ANS-A psychologist who specializes in helping people
with psychological difficulties such as depression, schizophrenia, phobias, & neuroses
(now called personality disorders)
What is the Acetycholine class? - ANS-Involved in movement, motor neurons in
muscles, always has an excitatory effect
What is the Amines and Monoamines class? - ANS-Motor movement, personality
functioning, arousal, attention, sleep/wake cycle and mood, "emergency" hormone
What is the Amino acid class? - ANS-Fast excitatory/ inhibitory transmitters
What is the NeuroPeptides class? - ANS-Involved in a number of activities, Pain
transmission
What is an agonist? - ANS-A substance which directly or indirectly "mimics" the action
of a neurotransmitter by causing an increase in the quantity of a neurotransmitter
available
How does an agonist work? - ANS-1. Increase the rate of synthesis
2. Increase the release
3. Replaces the neurotransmitter at the receptor site
4. Slows down the rate of deactivation or re-uptake
What is an antagonist? - ANS-A substance that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters can be differentiated from one another by what two factors? - ANS-
Location of the cell bodies
Distinct (neural) pahways
Solutions
Define Psychology - ANS-The scientific study of behaviour & mental processes
Mental processes are those phenomena that include... - ANS-Thoughts, feelings, &
memories
What do psychologists mean by behaviour? - ANS-Any activity of a person or animal
that can be observed & measured
True or false: Psychology started off with a number of different branches - ANS-False
Define system/perspectives - ANS-Assumptions & theories about how people work that
are clustered together to form that perspective
In the early history of psychology there appear to be how many distinct groups? - ANS-
Two
What were the two different early perspectives? - ANS-1. Studied human
consciousness & human thought- using a variety of methods
2. Only studied observable & objective behaviour
In the first psychological laboratory who attempted to study in an experiential manner
human consciousness under a variety of conditions - ANS-Wundt & Others
Who was the founder of psychology? - ANS-Wundt
Where was Wundt's laboratory? - ANS-Leipzig, Germany
When was Wundt's laboratory founded? - ANS-1879
What did Wundt insist that psychology use? - ANS-The scientific method
Who attempted to study the same phenonomena as Wundt using his method called
structuralism? - ANS-Titchener
What was the goal of structuralism? - ANS-To study the basic elements or structure of
conscious mental experience
,What is introspection? - ANS-Participant reports what he or she felt after being
presented a stimulus
What were the problems with Structuralism? - ANS-1. Different people reported different
sensations & perceptions & experiences
2. Same person different experience to same stimulus
Why did functionalism arise? - ANS-As a reaction against structuralism
What was functionalism? - ANS-Concerned with how mental processes function and
adapt (in different environments)
Functionalism is based on what? - ANS-Darwin's theory of evolution
Functionalism was the first to investigate what? - ANS-Individual differences
Gestalt psychology is based on what? - ANS-The idea that form perception is
determined by certain organising properties of the brain
Perceptual differences are greater than what? - ANS-The sum of our sensations
Who were the people behind behaviourism? - ANS-John Watson & B. F. Skinner
Behaviourists believe that psychology should focus only on what? - ANS-Observable
behaviours & their relationship to events that can be objectively measured
Behaviourists believe that behaviour is determined primarily by what? - ANS-Factors in
the environment
Behaviourism can explain behaviour by analysing what? - ANS-The conditions that
were present before the behaviour occurred & by analysing the consequences of the
behaviour
What is operant conditioning? - ANS-the importance of reinforcement in learning & in
the shaping & maintaining of behaviour
What is the emphasis in humanistic psychology? - ANS-Humanity's special
characteristics: the inherently positive aspects of human nature
Humanistic psychology is concerned with what? - ANS-A person's subjective
experience of him/herself
What does cognitive psychology focus on? - ANS-Examining mental processes such as
memory, problem solving, concept formation, reasoning, language & perception
, What did James Olds study? - ANS-Electrical stimulation of the brain evokes emotional
responses in animals
What did Roger Sperry study? - ANS-Left and Right brain specialization
What did Donald Hebb study? - ANS-Cell-assemblies describe neural networks
What does Evolutionary psychology focus on? - ANS-How humans have evolved and
adapted behaviours required for survival
Most psychologists tend to favour what kind of approach? - ANS-An interactionist
approach
What is a multi-perspective approach? - ANS-An attempt to combine elements of the
various perspectives to understand the whole person
What is clinical psychology? - ANS-A psychologist who specializes in helping people
with psychological difficulties such as depression, schizophrenia, phobias, & neuroses
(now called personality disorders)
What is the Acetycholine class? - ANS-Involved in movement, motor neurons in
muscles, always has an excitatory effect
What is the Amines and Monoamines class? - ANS-Motor movement, personality
functioning, arousal, attention, sleep/wake cycle and mood, "emergency" hormone
What is the Amino acid class? - ANS-Fast excitatory/ inhibitory transmitters
What is the NeuroPeptides class? - ANS-Involved in a number of activities, Pain
transmission
What is an agonist? - ANS-A substance which directly or indirectly "mimics" the action
of a neurotransmitter by causing an increase in the quantity of a neurotransmitter
available
How does an agonist work? - ANS-1. Increase the rate of synthesis
2. Increase the release
3. Replaces the neurotransmitter at the receptor site
4. Slows down the rate of deactivation or re-uptake
What is an antagonist? - ANS-A substance that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters can be differentiated from one another by what two factors? - ANS-
Location of the cell bodies
Distinct (neural) pahways
