Psyc 1020 – Midterm Exam with
Accurate Solutions
Hypothesis - ANSWER-a tentative statement about the relationship between two or
more variables.
Principle of falsifiability - ANSWER-for something to be scientific it must be able to be
proven false.
Causation - ANSWER-the demonstration of how one variable influences (or the effect of
a variable) another variable.
Reflex - ANSWER-the response itself.
Conditioned Taste Aversion - ANSWER-the mind develops a resistance to certain foods
due to a taste-nausea associations.
Negative Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when a response is strengthened because
it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when a response is strengthened because it
is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus.
Negative Punishment - ANSWER-the removal of any reinforcer in response to an
unwanted behaviour to decrease the chances it will happen again.
Spontaneous Recovery - ANSWER-the reappearance of an extinguished response after
a period of non exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
Punishment - ANSWER-occurs when an event following a response weakens the
tendency to make that response.
Shaping - ANSWER-consists of the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations
of a desired response.
Intermittent Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when a designated response is
reinforced only some of the time.
Continuous Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when every instance of a designated
response is reinforced.
, Fixed Ratio - ANSWER-the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non reinforced
responses.
Fixed Interval - ANSWER-the reinforcer is given for the first response that is given after
a certain amount of time has passed.
Variable Interval - ANSWER-reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable
time interval has elapsed.
Variable Ratio - ANSWER-reinforcer is given after a variable number of non reinforced
responses.
Superstitious Conditioning - ANSWER-the result of obtaining a reward after engaging in
some behaviour, even if they werenèt linked.
Magical Thinking - ANSWER-non-scientific beliefs and explanations that we make about
the world around us.
Stimulus Generalization - ANSWER-occurs when an organism has learned a response
to a specific stimulus and responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to
the original.
Discriminative Stimuli - ANSWER-cues that influence operant behaviour by indicating
the probable consequences of a response.
Experimental Neurosis - ANSWER-an abnormal behavioural condition produced in an
artificial lab setting. (artificially produced psychosis)
Implicit Bias - ANSWER-the bias from subtle cognitive processes that usually operate
below consciousness awareness.
Fading - ANSWER-when you gradually shift a response from one stimulus to a
completely different stimulus.
Short Term Memory - ANSWER-a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed
information for up to 20 seconds.
Long Term Memory - ANSWER-an unlimited capacity store that can hold information
over lengthy periods of time.
Semantic Memory - ANSWER-contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time
when information is learned.
Procedural Memory - ANSWER-houses memory for actions, skills, operations and
conditioned responses. ie. riding a bike.
Accurate Solutions
Hypothesis - ANSWER-a tentative statement about the relationship between two or
more variables.
Principle of falsifiability - ANSWER-for something to be scientific it must be able to be
proven false.
Causation - ANSWER-the demonstration of how one variable influences (or the effect of
a variable) another variable.
Reflex - ANSWER-the response itself.
Conditioned Taste Aversion - ANSWER-the mind develops a resistance to certain foods
due to a taste-nausea associations.
Negative Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when a response is strengthened because
it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when a response is strengthened because it
is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus.
Negative Punishment - ANSWER-the removal of any reinforcer in response to an
unwanted behaviour to decrease the chances it will happen again.
Spontaneous Recovery - ANSWER-the reappearance of an extinguished response after
a period of non exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
Punishment - ANSWER-occurs when an event following a response weakens the
tendency to make that response.
Shaping - ANSWER-consists of the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations
of a desired response.
Intermittent Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when a designated response is
reinforced only some of the time.
Continuous Reinforcement - ANSWER-occurs when every instance of a designated
response is reinforced.
, Fixed Ratio - ANSWER-the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non reinforced
responses.
Fixed Interval - ANSWER-the reinforcer is given for the first response that is given after
a certain amount of time has passed.
Variable Interval - ANSWER-reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable
time interval has elapsed.
Variable Ratio - ANSWER-reinforcer is given after a variable number of non reinforced
responses.
Superstitious Conditioning - ANSWER-the result of obtaining a reward after engaging in
some behaviour, even if they werenèt linked.
Magical Thinking - ANSWER-non-scientific beliefs and explanations that we make about
the world around us.
Stimulus Generalization - ANSWER-occurs when an organism has learned a response
to a specific stimulus and responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to
the original.
Discriminative Stimuli - ANSWER-cues that influence operant behaviour by indicating
the probable consequences of a response.
Experimental Neurosis - ANSWER-an abnormal behavioural condition produced in an
artificial lab setting. (artificially produced psychosis)
Implicit Bias - ANSWER-the bias from subtle cognitive processes that usually operate
below consciousness awareness.
Fading - ANSWER-when you gradually shift a response from one stimulus to a
completely different stimulus.
Short Term Memory - ANSWER-a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed
information for up to 20 seconds.
Long Term Memory - ANSWER-an unlimited capacity store that can hold information
over lengthy periods of time.
Semantic Memory - ANSWER-contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time
when information is learned.
Procedural Memory - ANSWER-houses memory for actions, skills, operations and
conditioned responses. ie. riding a bike.
