PHIL 1020 FINAL EXAM WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
What is the focus of propositional logic? - correct Answer-relationships between
statements
What are truth values? - correct Answer-a statement that is either true or false
What are the four truth functional connectives? - correct Answer-conjunction,
disjunction, negation, conditional
How do you symbolize conjuctions? - correct Answer-&, ^
How do you symbolize disjunctions? - correct Answer-v
How do you symbolize negations? - correct Answer-(curvy) N
How do you symbolize conditionals? - correct Answer------->
Subject term - correct Answer-The first class, or group, named in a standard-form
categorical statement.
Predicate terms - correct Answer-the second class, or group, named in a standard-form
categorical statement
Copula - correct Answer-One of four components of a standard-form categorical
statement; a linking verb--either are or are not--that joins the subject term and the
predicate term.
"All" and "no" in front of a categorical statement tell us that its _______ - correct
Answer-Universal quantifiers
A statement that applies to every member of a class is a ____________ - correct
Answer-universal quantifier
"Some" in front of a categorical statement tells us that its a ___________ - correct
Answer-particular quantifier
A statement that applies to some, but not all members of a class is a ________ - correct
Answer-particular quantifier
, A conjunction is which of the following? - correct Answer-A proposition with a truth
functional connective which is only true if the connected propositions are all true
Which of the following defines the "explanandum" of an argument? - correct Answer-
That which is to be explained
What is the state of affairs being explained in the following example?
"Why did James say he saw a ghost in the bedroom? Because he drinks to much and
has a vivid imagination." - correct Answer-James saying he saw a ghost
What kind of explanation is offered in the following example?
John built himself a solar house so he could thumb his nose at the power company. -
correct Answer-Theoretical
T/F: The following explanation is theoretical: "He broke the lock and pushed open the
door - that's how he got in." - correct Answer-False
What kind of argument is the following?
All noble gases are stable, and helium is a noble gas. Therefore helium is stable. -
correct Answer-Deductive
T/F: The criteria of adequacy are tools for determining the best explanation. - correct
Answer-True
Which of the following describes the ad hominem fallacy? - correct Answer-Attacking
the person or their character instead of the argument
Which of the following is a reason that relativism is considered an obstacle to critical
thinking? - correct Answer-Belief is not indicative of truth
Which fallacy is present in the following?
"Kelly says that many women who live in predominantly Muslim countries are
discriminated against. But how would she know, she's not a Muslim." - correct Answer-
Ad hominem
What is the epistemic cost that results when someone has to report to someone from a
group that one has a bias against, and one's performance suffers as a result? - correct
Answer-Cognitive depletion
Using modus tollens, what is the missing premise in the following?
P1) If euthanasia is wrong, then we do not have the right to end our own lives
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
What is the focus of propositional logic? - correct Answer-relationships between
statements
What are truth values? - correct Answer-a statement that is either true or false
What are the four truth functional connectives? - correct Answer-conjunction,
disjunction, negation, conditional
How do you symbolize conjuctions? - correct Answer-&, ^
How do you symbolize disjunctions? - correct Answer-v
How do you symbolize negations? - correct Answer-(curvy) N
How do you symbolize conditionals? - correct Answer------->
Subject term - correct Answer-The first class, or group, named in a standard-form
categorical statement.
Predicate terms - correct Answer-the second class, or group, named in a standard-form
categorical statement
Copula - correct Answer-One of four components of a standard-form categorical
statement; a linking verb--either are or are not--that joins the subject term and the
predicate term.
"All" and "no" in front of a categorical statement tell us that its _______ - correct
Answer-Universal quantifiers
A statement that applies to every member of a class is a ____________ - correct
Answer-universal quantifier
"Some" in front of a categorical statement tells us that its a ___________ - correct
Answer-particular quantifier
A statement that applies to some, but not all members of a class is a ________ - correct
Answer-particular quantifier
, A conjunction is which of the following? - correct Answer-A proposition with a truth
functional connective which is only true if the connected propositions are all true
Which of the following defines the "explanandum" of an argument? - correct Answer-
That which is to be explained
What is the state of affairs being explained in the following example?
"Why did James say he saw a ghost in the bedroom? Because he drinks to much and
has a vivid imagination." - correct Answer-James saying he saw a ghost
What kind of explanation is offered in the following example?
John built himself a solar house so he could thumb his nose at the power company. -
correct Answer-Theoretical
T/F: The following explanation is theoretical: "He broke the lock and pushed open the
door - that's how he got in." - correct Answer-False
What kind of argument is the following?
All noble gases are stable, and helium is a noble gas. Therefore helium is stable. -
correct Answer-Deductive
T/F: The criteria of adequacy are tools for determining the best explanation. - correct
Answer-True
Which of the following describes the ad hominem fallacy? - correct Answer-Attacking
the person or their character instead of the argument
Which of the following is a reason that relativism is considered an obstacle to critical
thinking? - correct Answer-Belief is not indicative of truth
Which fallacy is present in the following?
"Kelly says that many women who live in predominantly Muslim countries are
discriminated against. But how would she know, she's not a Muslim." - correct Answer-
Ad hominem
What is the epistemic cost that results when someone has to report to someone from a
group that one has a bias against, and one's performance suffers as a result? - correct
Answer-Cognitive depletion
Using modus tollens, what is the missing premise in the following?
P1) If euthanasia is wrong, then we do not have the right to end our own lives
