ion 1 point
Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells
to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to
endothelial cells? Select one.
Question options:
a) Bradykinin
b) Platelet-activating factor
c) Prostaglandin E
d) Chemokines
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The biologic activity of platelet-activating factor is virtually identical to that of leukotrien
endothelial cell retraction to increase vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion to endot
platelet activation. The other options do not accurately identify the chemical mediator de
described in the question. Chemokines function primarily to induce leukocyte chemotaxi
interact with the kinin system to stimulate nerve endings and cause pain, among other a
the most important product of the kinin system and causes vascular permeability, smooth
and pain.
ion 2 point
A student asks the healthcare professional how immunity is decreased by
stress. The professional responds that during a stress response, the helper
T (Th) 1 response is suppressed by which hormone? Select one.
Question options:
a) ACTH
b) Growth hormone
c) Cortisol
d) Prolactin
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Cortisol acts to suppress the activity of Th1 cells, which leads to a decrease in innate imm
proinflammatory response. Cortisol also stimulates the activity of Th2 cells, which increa
and the antiinflammatory response. ACTH binds with specific receptors on the adrenal g
release of the glucocorticoids. Prolactin is secreted in response to a variety of stressful s
second messenger for IL-2 and has a positive influence on B-cell activation and differenti
hormone affects protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism; counters effects of insulin;
tissue repair.
ion 3 point
Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response as a
result of which condition? Select one.
Question options:
, a) Mast cells are lacking.
b) The respiratory system is too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues.
c) Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
d) The circulatory system is too immature to perfuse tissues adequately.
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Neonates commonly have transiently depressed inflammatory and immune function part
deficiency in components of the alternative pathway. For example, neutrophils and perha
be capable of efficient chemotaxis. The circulatory system should be adequate to perfuse
neonate and would not contribute to decreased immunity if not. Mast cells are not lackin
system should be adequate to oxygenate tissues, and if not, would not contribute to decr
ion 4 point
Which cell has a role in developing cell-mediated immunity?
Question options:
a) Th2
b) CD4
c) Th1
d) CD8
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Only Th1 cells help develop cellular immunity.
ion 5 point
The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced
by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Select one.
Question options:
a) Endogenous pyrogens
b) Antigen-antibody complexes
c) Bacterial endotoxin
d) Exogenous pyrogens
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Fever-causing cytokines are known as endogenous pyrogens. These pyrogens act directl
which is the portion of the brain that controls the body's thermostat. The hypothalamus i
by bacterial endotoxins, antigen-antibody complexes, or exogenous pyrogens.
ion 6 point
A child in the clinic has an absence of a parathyroid gland, structural heart
defects, and a shortened structure of the upper lip. What immune
dysfunction does the healthcare professional suspect? Select one.
Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells
to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to
endothelial cells? Select one.
Question options:
a) Bradykinin
b) Platelet-activating factor
c) Prostaglandin E
d) Chemokines
Hide question 1 feedback
Feedback
The biologic activity of platelet-activating factor is virtually identical to that of leukotrien
endothelial cell retraction to increase vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion to endot
platelet activation. The other options do not accurately identify the chemical mediator de
described in the question. Chemokines function primarily to induce leukocyte chemotaxi
interact with the kinin system to stimulate nerve endings and cause pain, among other a
the most important product of the kinin system and causes vascular permeability, smooth
and pain.
ion 2 point
A student asks the healthcare professional how immunity is decreased by
stress. The professional responds that during a stress response, the helper
T (Th) 1 response is suppressed by which hormone? Select one.
Question options:
a) ACTH
b) Growth hormone
c) Cortisol
d) Prolactin
Hide question 2 feedback
Feedback
Cortisol acts to suppress the activity of Th1 cells, which leads to a decrease in innate imm
proinflammatory response. Cortisol also stimulates the activity of Th2 cells, which increa
and the antiinflammatory response. ACTH binds with specific receptors on the adrenal g
release of the glucocorticoids. Prolactin is secreted in response to a variety of stressful s
second messenger for IL-2 and has a positive influence on B-cell activation and differenti
hormone affects protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism; counters effects of insulin;
tissue repair.
ion 3 point
Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response as a
result of which condition? Select one.
Question options:
, a) Mast cells are lacking.
b) The respiratory system is too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues.
c) Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
d) The circulatory system is too immature to perfuse tissues adequately.
Hide question 3 feedback
Feedback
Neonates commonly have transiently depressed inflammatory and immune function part
deficiency in components of the alternative pathway. For example, neutrophils and perha
be capable of efficient chemotaxis. The circulatory system should be adequate to perfuse
neonate and would not contribute to decreased immunity if not. Mast cells are not lackin
system should be adequate to oxygenate tissues, and if not, would not contribute to decr
ion 4 point
Which cell has a role in developing cell-mediated immunity?
Question options:
a) Th2
b) CD4
c) Th1
d) CD8
Hide question 4 feedback
Feedback
Only Th1 cells help develop cellular immunity.
ion 5 point
The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced
by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Select one.
Question options:
a) Endogenous pyrogens
b) Antigen-antibody complexes
c) Bacterial endotoxin
d) Exogenous pyrogens
Hide question 5 feedback
Feedback
Fever-causing cytokines are known as endogenous pyrogens. These pyrogens act directl
which is the portion of the brain that controls the body's thermostat. The hypothalamus i
by bacterial endotoxins, antigen-antibody complexes, or exogenous pyrogens.
ion 6 point
A child in the clinic has an absence of a parathyroid gland, structural heart
defects, and a shortened structure of the upper lip. What immune
dysfunction does the healthcare professional suspect? Select one.
