N212 Exam 2 Revised Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions

N212 EXAM 2 REVISED STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
1. Plan of care for a client who has cirrhosis
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- Monitor intake/output, restrict fluid and sodium, measure abdominal vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




girth daily, and monitor for complications (encephalopathy, portal H
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TN, esophageal varices, and hemorrhage)
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2. Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
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- Hair dry/loss, brittle nails, skin dry, bone loss, vision change, m
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uscle cramps/tingling, fatigue (low calcium)vc vc vc vc




3. Signs of improvement for dehydration – lab values
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- S/S - vc




sunken eyes, decreased LOC, increased cap refill,
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decreased urine (dark amber foul smelling) vc vc vc vc vc




- Lab values - vc vc




elevated sodium (greater than 145), higher urine spe
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cific gravity, high BUN/creatinine, high albumin, hi
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gh HgB and Hct vc vc vc




4. Clinical manifestations of DKA
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- BG is extremely high (350-500)vc vc vc vc




- Kussmaul’s breathing vc




- Fruity Breath vc




- 3 P’s vc




- Lethargy/Blurred Vision vc




- Nausea and Vomiting vc vc




5. Risk factors of metabolic acidosis
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- Diarrhea
- Renal Failure/Disease vc




- Uncontrolled Diabetes vc




6. Interventions to promote thinning of secretions vc vc vc vc vc




- Increase fluids vc




- Expectorant
- CPT
7. Nurse priority of patient’s complaining of difficulty breathing
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- Raise head of the bed vc vc vc vc




- Check O2 vc




- Loosen restrictive clothing (if necessary) vc vc vc vc




8. Nurse priority of patient experiencing Status Asthmaticus
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- Give Oxygen vc




- Treat/prevent pneumothorax vc




- Give beta2 and steroids vc vc vc




9. Adverse effects of prednisonevc vc vc




- Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, edema, adrenal suppression, i vc vc vc vc vc




ncreased appetite, weight gain, delayed wound healing, incr vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




eased risk of infection vc vc vc




10. Clinical manifestations of ARDS vc vc vc




- Tachypnea, dyspnea, retractions (chest sinking in), crackles (due to in vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




crease of fluid in lungs), restlessness, anxiety, confusion, hypotensio
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n (going into shock)
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, 11. Characteristics of cellular damage to the pulmonary epithelium vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




- Severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema vc vc vc vc vc




- Inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, edema vc vc vc




12. Plan of care for ARDS patients
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- Remove causative factors, administer 100% O2, m vc vc vc vc vc vc




echanical ventilation (PEEP machine → keeps airw vc vc vc vc vc vc




ays open during expiration) vc vc vc




13. Prevention of chronic bronchitis vc vc vc




- No smoking vc




- Manage other respiratory condition vc vc vc




- Exercise
- Drink clear fluids vc vc




14. Risk factors of hypoxemic respiratory failure
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- Lung conditions - cancer, COPD, asthma vc vc vc vc vc




- Injuries - chest, brain, spinal cord vc vc vc vc vc




- Infections - lungs, airways, brain, spinal cord vc vc vc vc vc vc




- Smoking/Excessive alcohol vc




15. Common cause of ARDS vc vc vc




- Inhaling: Inhaling vomit, food, smoke, chemical fumes, or water d vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




uring near drowning vc vc




- Trauma: Chest trauma, head trauma, or other injuries can bruise the lu vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




ngs or cause fat embolisms
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- Infections: Pneumonia, septic shock, or viral infections like C vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




OVID-19 can cause ARDS vc vc vc




- Medical procedures: Lung or heart surgery, being on a heart- vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




lung bypass machine, or having a blood transfusion can increase the ri
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sk of ARDS Other conditions: Pancreatitis, reactions to certain medi
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cations, or other medical conditions can also increase the risk of AR
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DS
16. Lab values for hypothyroidism. Know the values
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- TSH (normal 0.4 to 4mU/L) will be high in hypothyroidism
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- T3 and T4 will be lowvc vc vc vc vc




17. Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis
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- Central nervous system: Confusion, stupor, coma, lightheadedness, a
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nd decreased cerebral blood flow
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- Peripheral neuropathy: Tremors, tingling, numbness, and muscle w vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




eakness
- Muscle: Twitching, cramps, spasms, and hypertonicity vc vc vc vc vc




- Heart: Arrhythmias, irregular heartbeat, and decreased myocardial c
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ontractility
- Other: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, irritability, and seizures
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18. Characteristics of DKA vc vc




- BG is extremely high (350-500)
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- Kussmaul’s breathing vc




- Fruity Breath vc




- 3 P’s vc




- Lethargy/Blurred Vision vc




- Nausea and Vomiting vc vc