NUR 555 Advanced Pharmacology Test |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Insulin and drug interactions with nonselective beta-blocker and alcohol
Beta-blockers mask hypotension and hyperglycemia. Alcohol can cause hypoglycemia.
Why is metformin a popular selection for DM
Does not cause hypoglycemia
Precaution when sprinkling pancreatic enzymes in food
Do not inhale.
If on skin or oral mucousa can cause ulcers wash immediately after contact.
Use 10 mL or less on cold food or can inactivate enzymes.
Inactivated by ph less than 4.
Do not crush or chew. enteric coated not taken with alkaline foods.
Antacids reduce effectiveness and decreased iron absorption.
Antidiuretic hormone - why does it cause water balance issues post-op
Stress from surgery causes increase in ADH which causes water retention and decreased urinary
output
Why do steroids need to be tapered
to allow adrenal glands to catch up on production of cortisol on their own
What should a provider order before prescribing metformin
,serum creatinine, A1c, kidney function, GFR
Why have sulfonylurreas moved to step 2 therapy
Hypoglycemia risk and many drug interactions
What meds are used for DM who have high cholesterol
Statins then PCSK9 inhibitors
Why use ACE and ARB in DM
Protects kidneys
Treatment for DM neuropathy
Lyrica, Gabapentin, Cymbalta, Effexor
Treatment for pregnant women with hyperthyroidism
PTU (Propylthiourazil)
Patient education when starting medications for hypothryoidism
Take on empty stomach at least 1 hour before meal
Monitor HR
Avoid OTC cold medicine
Decrease dietary intake of iodine
Do not miss doses
Hormone replacement dosage when a women becomes pregnant
Increase dosing hypothyroid can cause severe fetal issues
, Precautions with radioactive iodine
No kissing, wash clothing separately, sleep alone for 7 days, not for pregnant or breast feeding
Mechanism of action for bisphosphonates
Inhibits osteoclast activity and increases bone density
Reduce bone reabsorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Calcium supplements and bisphosphonates
Calcium decreases absorption of bisphosphonates - DO not take calcium supplements for at least
an hour after taking bisphosphonates
SERM's and treatment of osteoporosis
Raloxifene: Prescribed for post-menopausal women with osteoporosis to mimic estrogen effects,
lipid metabolism and blood clotting on bone but not on breast and endometrium.
Safest formulation for mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia
Ferrous sulfate
Foods and substances that increase dietary absorption of plant-based iron
Vitamin C
Most likely cause of macrocytic anemia
B12 or folate defienciency
Advantage of combination chemotherapy
Decreased chance the tumor will become resistant to therapy
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Insulin and drug interactions with nonselective beta-blocker and alcohol
Beta-blockers mask hypotension and hyperglycemia. Alcohol can cause hypoglycemia.
Why is metformin a popular selection for DM
Does not cause hypoglycemia
Precaution when sprinkling pancreatic enzymes in food
Do not inhale.
If on skin or oral mucousa can cause ulcers wash immediately after contact.
Use 10 mL or less on cold food or can inactivate enzymes.
Inactivated by ph less than 4.
Do not crush or chew. enteric coated not taken with alkaline foods.
Antacids reduce effectiveness and decreased iron absorption.
Antidiuretic hormone - why does it cause water balance issues post-op
Stress from surgery causes increase in ADH which causes water retention and decreased urinary
output
Why do steroids need to be tapered
to allow adrenal glands to catch up on production of cortisol on their own
What should a provider order before prescribing metformin
,serum creatinine, A1c, kidney function, GFR
Why have sulfonylurreas moved to step 2 therapy
Hypoglycemia risk and many drug interactions
What meds are used for DM who have high cholesterol
Statins then PCSK9 inhibitors
Why use ACE and ARB in DM
Protects kidneys
Treatment for DM neuropathy
Lyrica, Gabapentin, Cymbalta, Effexor
Treatment for pregnant women with hyperthyroidism
PTU (Propylthiourazil)
Patient education when starting medications for hypothryoidism
Take on empty stomach at least 1 hour before meal
Monitor HR
Avoid OTC cold medicine
Decrease dietary intake of iodine
Do not miss doses
Hormone replacement dosage when a women becomes pregnant
Increase dosing hypothyroid can cause severe fetal issues
, Precautions with radioactive iodine
No kissing, wash clothing separately, sleep alone for 7 days, not for pregnant or breast feeding
Mechanism of action for bisphosphonates
Inhibits osteoclast activity and increases bone density
Reduce bone reabsorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Calcium supplements and bisphosphonates
Calcium decreases absorption of bisphosphonates - DO not take calcium supplements for at least
an hour after taking bisphosphonates
SERM's and treatment of osteoporosis
Raloxifene: Prescribed for post-menopausal women with osteoporosis to mimic estrogen effects,
lipid metabolism and blood clotting on bone but not on breast and endometrium.
Safest formulation for mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia
Ferrous sulfate
Foods and substances that increase dietary absorption of plant-based iron
Vitamin C
Most likely cause of macrocytic anemia
B12 or folate defienciency
Advantage of combination chemotherapy
Decreased chance the tumor will become resistant to therapy
