NUR 106 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Chain of infection (infection cycle)
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
____ is the #1 way to break the chain of infection
Handwashing
Handwashing procedure
1) Wet hands and arms with warm water
2) Hands lower than elbows (dirty water runs down)
3) Apply soap to build a lather
4) Scrub hands and 1 inch of wrist vigorously (friction is key) for at least 20 seconds
5) Rinse with warm running water
6) dry clean area with a single-use paper towel
7) Keep hands above elbows, pat dry 1 towel per hand (clean water on hands runs down arm)
8) Turn off the water with a third clean paper towel.
What is the basis of the chain of infection?
Infectious agent is looking for somewhere to live (reservoir)
What other steps besides handwashing contribute to breaking the chain of infection?
Covering sneeze or cough
Wear gloves
,Soap vs hand sanitizer
Soap= visibly soiled or the patient has c-diff
Alcohol rubs= not visibly soiled or the patient has MRSA
Standard Precautions
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible
infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions
5 moments of hand hygiene
1) before touching patient
2) before clean/aseptic procedure
3) after body fluid or exposure risk
4) after touching patient
5) after touching patient surroundings
standard precautions (tier 1)
-Follow hand hygiene techniques
-Wear clean nonsterile gloves
-Wear PPE
-Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
-Avoid recapping used needles
-use safe injection practices
-wear face mask
-handle used patient care equipment that is soiled with blood or identified body fluids, secretions,
,and excretions carefully
-Use adequate environmental controls
-Review room assignments carefully
transmission-based precautions (tier 2)
precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients in hospitals with suspected
infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes
What 2 things must you do during standard precautions?
Wash hands and use gloves
When do we use standard precautions?
Risk of exposure to blood or bodily fluids
Contact precautions have what 5 things?
Private room - door can be open
Gloves
Gown
Handwashing
Disposable supplies
Dedicated equipment (must be cleaned in and out)
Droplet precautions are used when?
Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle
droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.
, Droplet precautions PPE
gloves, gown, mask, goggles
Airborne precautions are used when?
Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne
droplet nuclei.
Airborne precautions PPE
negative air flow room (airborne infection isolation room)
N95 respirator
Gown
Gloves
Hand washing
contact precautions are used when?
measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by the physical transfer of
pathogens to a susceptible host's body surface
Donning PPE
Hand Hygiene!
1. gown
2. mask
3. goggles
4. gloves
" From Bottom UP (hands in the air)"
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Chain of infection (infection cycle)
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
____ is the #1 way to break the chain of infection
Handwashing
Handwashing procedure
1) Wet hands and arms with warm water
2) Hands lower than elbows (dirty water runs down)
3) Apply soap to build a lather
4) Scrub hands and 1 inch of wrist vigorously (friction is key) for at least 20 seconds
5) Rinse with warm running water
6) dry clean area with a single-use paper towel
7) Keep hands above elbows, pat dry 1 towel per hand (clean water on hands runs down arm)
8) Turn off the water with a third clean paper towel.
What is the basis of the chain of infection?
Infectious agent is looking for somewhere to live (reservoir)
What other steps besides handwashing contribute to breaking the chain of infection?
Covering sneeze or cough
Wear gloves
,Soap vs hand sanitizer
Soap= visibly soiled or the patient has c-diff
Alcohol rubs= not visibly soiled or the patient has MRSA
Standard Precautions
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible
infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions
5 moments of hand hygiene
1) before touching patient
2) before clean/aseptic procedure
3) after body fluid or exposure risk
4) after touching patient
5) after touching patient surroundings
standard precautions (tier 1)
-Follow hand hygiene techniques
-Wear clean nonsterile gloves
-Wear PPE
-Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
-Avoid recapping used needles
-use safe injection practices
-wear face mask
-handle used patient care equipment that is soiled with blood or identified body fluids, secretions,
,and excretions carefully
-Use adequate environmental controls
-Review room assignments carefully
transmission-based precautions (tier 2)
precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients in hospitals with suspected
infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes
What 2 things must you do during standard precautions?
Wash hands and use gloves
When do we use standard precautions?
Risk of exposure to blood or bodily fluids
Contact precautions have what 5 things?
Private room - door can be open
Gloves
Gown
Handwashing
Disposable supplies
Dedicated equipment (must be cleaned in and out)
Droplet precautions are used when?
Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle
droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.
, Droplet precautions PPE
gloves, gown, mask, goggles
Airborne precautions are used when?
Used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne
droplet nuclei.
Airborne precautions PPE
negative air flow room (airborne infection isolation room)
N95 respirator
Gown
Gloves
Hand washing
contact precautions are used when?
measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by the physical transfer of
pathogens to a susceptible host's body surface
Donning PPE
Hand Hygiene!
1. gown
2. mask
3. goggles
4. gloves
" From Bottom UP (hands in the air)"
