WGU D574 NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 278 EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Biological psychology.
Answer: Branch of psychology focusing on understanding behavior
through biological mechanisms.
◉ Consciousness.
Answer: The state or quality of awareness, subjectivity, and
experience.
◉ Evolutionary explanation.
Answer: Describes evolutionary history of a structure or behavior,
highlighting adaptive advantages.
◉ Functional explanation.
Answer: Describes why a structure or behavior evolved by
identifying its adaptive benefits.
◉ Ontogenetic explanation.
,Answer: Describes developmental processes underlying a behavior,
involving genetic and environmental influences.
◉ Physiological explanation.
Answer: Describes the relationship between behavior and
chemical/electrical activity in the body.
◉ Neuroethics.
Answer: Study of ethical issues arising from neuroscience research
and experimentation.
◉ Three Rs.
Answer: Reduction, replacement, and refinement; legal standards
for ethical animal research.
◉ Astrocytes.
Answer: Star-shaped glial cells that synchronize neurons and
regulate local blood flow.
◉ Axon.
Answer: A thin fiber of constant diameter that conveys impulses
between neurons.
,◉ Dendrites.
Answer: Branching fibers that receive information from other
neurons via synaptic receptors.
◉ Glia.
Answer: Non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons in the
nervous system.
◉ Mitochondria.
Answer: Organelles responsible for generating energy (ATP) crucial
for cellular function.
◉ Myelin sheath.
Answer: Insulating material surrounding vertebrate axons,
increasing nerve impulse speed.
◉ Neurons.
Answer: Specialized cells responsible for receiving, processing, and
transmitting neural information.
◉ Soma.
Answer: The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and major
organelles.
, ◉ Synapse.
Answer: Junction between two neurons where chemical signals are
transmitted.
◉ Action potential.
Answer: Messages sent by axons, characterized by rapid
depolarization of the membrane.
◉ All-or-none law.
Answer: Principle that action potentials are equal in amplitude
regardless of stimulus intensity.
◉ Depolarization.
Answer: Reduction of electrical charge difference across a
membrane, initiating action potentials.
◉ Hyperpolarization.
Answer: Increased polarization across a membrane, making the
cell's inside more negative.
◉ Nodes of Ranvier.
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Biological psychology.
Answer: Branch of psychology focusing on understanding behavior
through biological mechanisms.
◉ Consciousness.
Answer: The state or quality of awareness, subjectivity, and
experience.
◉ Evolutionary explanation.
Answer: Describes evolutionary history of a structure or behavior,
highlighting adaptive advantages.
◉ Functional explanation.
Answer: Describes why a structure or behavior evolved by
identifying its adaptive benefits.
◉ Ontogenetic explanation.
,Answer: Describes developmental processes underlying a behavior,
involving genetic and environmental influences.
◉ Physiological explanation.
Answer: Describes the relationship between behavior and
chemical/electrical activity in the body.
◉ Neuroethics.
Answer: Study of ethical issues arising from neuroscience research
and experimentation.
◉ Three Rs.
Answer: Reduction, replacement, and refinement; legal standards
for ethical animal research.
◉ Astrocytes.
Answer: Star-shaped glial cells that synchronize neurons and
regulate local blood flow.
◉ Axon.
Answer: A thin fiber of constant diameter that conveys impulses
between neurons.
,◉ Dendrites.
Answer: Branching fibers that receive information from other
neurons via synaptic receptors.
◉ Glia.
Answer: Non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons in the
nervous system.
◉ Mitochondria.
Answer: Organelles responsible for generating energy (ATP) crucial
for cellular function.
◉ Myelin sheath.
Answer: Insulating material surrounding vertebrate axons,
increasing nerve impulse speed.
◉ Neurons.
Answer: Specialized cells responsible for receiving, processing, and
transmitting neural information.
◉ Soma.
Answer: The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and major
organelles.
, ◉ Synapse.
Answer: Junction between two neurons where chemical signals are
transmitted.
◉ Action potential.
Answer: Messages sent by axons, characterized by rapid
depolarization of the membrane.
◉ All-or-none law.
Answer: Principle that action potentials are equal in amplitude
regardless of stimulus intensity.
◉ Depolarization.
Answer: Reduction of electrical charge difference across a
membrane, initiating action potentials.
◉ Hyperpolarization.
Answer: Increased polarization across a membrane, making the
cell's inside more negative.
◉ Nodes of Ranvier.
