UTA NURS 5315 TEST ACTUAL TEST 2026 | ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | EXAM (LATEST) || MOST RECENT EXAM
2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ |
What does a decreased plasma oncotic pressure mean? -ANSWERS-
Results from losses or diminished production of plasma albumin.
Causes fluid to move into the interstitial space, resulting in EDEMA.
AST and ALT are related to which organ? -ANSWERS-Liver
Valve malfunction can cause what? -ANSWERS-Ventricular hypertrophy
Metabolic alkalosis can cause what? -ANSWERS-Hypoglycemia
Osmolality -ANSWERS-Measure of a solute concentration in a solution.
Higher number of solutes in a compartment = higher concentration and
less water
Osmosis -ANSWERS-Movement of water from low concentration to
high concentration
,Osmotic pressure -ANSWERS-Amount of pressure or force that is
exerted by solute molecules of a given compartment. PULLS water into
a higher concentration. HIGHER osmolality = HIGHER osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure -ANSWERS-Force within a fluid compartment.
PUSHES fluid outside of compartment (OPPOSES OSMOSIS).
Ex. blood pressure
Oncotic pressure -ANSWERS-Force that KEEPS water/fluid within a
compartment. PULLS.
Antidiuretic hormone -ANSWERS-VASOPRESSIN. Secreted by pituitary
gland in response to water deficit, sodium excess, or low BP. Causes
kidneys to reabsorb water thus increasing intervascular/plasma fluid.
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) -ANSWERS-Activated by
low blood volume. Low blood volume --> renin --> angiotensinogen -->
angiotensin 1 --> ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) converts
angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 -->causes arterial vasoconstriction -->
release of aldosterone --> renal Na+ and H2O reabsorption and K+
excretion.
Produces LESS urine and blood volume INCREASES.
Manages BP - when body constricts, BP increases
, Normal plasma osmolality -ANSWERS-280-295 mOsm/kg
Natriuretic hormones -ANSWERS-ANP and BNP. Hormones released
from the heart to decrease blood volume by promoting urinary
excretion of Na+ and H2O. Decreases blood volume. Opposite of RAAS.
How does a hypertonic solution alter osmolality? -ANSWERS-Increases
solute concentration, causing INCREASED osmolality. Causes cells to
SHRINK.
How does a hypotonic solution alter osmolality? -ANSWERS-
Intravascular space to become more dilute, causes cells to SWELL.
Fluid volume deficit (dehydration) clinical manifestations -ANSWERS-
Poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, sunken
fontanels (in babies), decreased urine output, fatigue
Fluid volume excess (fluid retention) clinical manifestations -ANSWERS-
Edema, tight skin, puffiness of eyes, rales or wet breath sounds
Edema is an accumulation of fluid where? -ANSWERS-Interstitial space
Edema pathophysiology -ANSWERS-1. Increased hydrostatic pressure
2. Decreased oncotic pressure
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | EXAM (LATEST) || MOST RECENT EXAM
2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ |
What does a decreased plasma oncotic pressure mean? -ANSWERS-
Results from losses or diminished production of plasma albumin.
Causes fluid to move into the interstitial space, resulting in EDEMA.
AST and ALT are related to which organ? -ANSWERS-Liver
Valve malfunction can cause what? -ANSWERS-Ventricular hypertrophy
Metabolic alkalosis can cause what? -ANSWERS-Hypoglycemia
Osmolality -ANSWERS-Measure of a solute concentration in a solution.
Higher number of solutes in a compartment = higher concentration and
less water
Osmosis -ANSWERS-Movement of water from low concentration to
high concentration
,Osmotic pressure -ANSWERS-Amount of pressure or force that is
exerted by solute molecules of a given compartment. PULLS water into
a higher concentration. HIGHER osmolality = HIGHER osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure -ANSWERS-Force within a fluid compartment.
PUSHES fluid outside of compartment (OPPOSES OSMOSIS).
Ex. blood pressure
Oncotic pressure -ANSWERS-Force that KEEPS water/fluid within a
compartment. PULLS.
Antidiuretic hormone -ANSWERS-VASOPRESSIN. Secreted by pituitary
gland in response to water deficit, sodium excess, or low BP. Causes
kidneys to reabsorb water thus increasing intervascular/plasma fluid.
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) -ANSWERS-Activated by
low blood volume. Low blood volume --> renin --> angiotensinogen -->
angiotensin 1 --> ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) converts
angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 -->causes arterial vasoconstriction -->
release of aldosterone --> renal Na+ and H2O reabsorption and K+
excretion.
Produces LESS urine and blood volume INCREASES.
Manages BP - when body constricts, BP increases
, Normal plasma osmolality -ANSWERS-280-295 mOsm/kg
Natriuretic hormones -ANSWERS-ANP and BNP. Hormones released
from the heart to decrease blood volume by promoting urinary
excretion of Na+ and H2O. Decreases blood volume. Opposite of RAAS.
How does a hypertonic solution alter osmolality? -ANSWERS-Increases
solute concentration, causing INCREASED osmolality. Causes cells to
SHRINK.
How does a hypotonic solution alter osmolality? -ANSWERS-
Intravascular space to become more dilute, causes cells to SWELL.
Fluid volume deficit (dehydration) clinical manifestations -ANSWERS-
Poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, sunken
fontanels (in babies), decreased urine output, fatigue
Fluid volume excess (fluid retention) clinical manifestations -ANSWERS-
Edema, tight skin, puffiness of eyes, rales or wet breath sounds
Edema is an accumulation of fluid where? -ANSWERS-Interstitial space
Edema pathophysiology -ANSWERS-1. Increased hydrostatic pressure
2. Decreased oncotic pressure
