TEST BANK FOR PORTH'S
ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5TH EDITION
BY TOMMIE L NORRI ISBN-10;
1975107195 /ISBN-13; 978-1975107192
TEST BANK FOR PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5TH EDITION
UNIT 1 - Concepts of Health and Disease
Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
**1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused on the
World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made by nurses during a
discussion session, which statements would be considered a good representation of the WHO
definition? Select all that apply.**
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book reviews and word
games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes mellitus under
tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
**Answer: A, B, C, E**
,**Rationale:** The WHO definition of health is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Engaging in book reviews
facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting
with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-being even though the person has a
chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs. Providing
transportation for dialysis patients addresses access to care but does not directly represent the WHO
definition of health.
---
**2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large variety of factors
that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020
report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following
aspects discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this
report?**
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American descent and practices
various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hypercholesterolemia and remains
noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many health care facilities.
**Answer: B**
**Rationale:** In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for all
(which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which includes living in a
clean community with good access to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control
high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the "attaining
lives free of preventable disease and premature death" determinant.
,---
**3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, university
hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases that are
caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the following patients most
clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?**
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial
hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and chest
physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive
**Answer: D**
**Rationale:** PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of abnormal
molecules.
---
**4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of
clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations
best characterize pathogenesis rather than etiology?**
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
, D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
**Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuries are
examples of etiologic factors.
---
**5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived to his
first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pathogenesis of coronary
artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood
the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease?**
A) "All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks."
B) "My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like French fries every day."
C) "Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it easy to form fatty
streaks, which lead to my clogged artery."
D) "If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causing a clot that
stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack."
**Answer: C**
**Rationale:** The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a fatty streak
to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve
around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5TH EDITION
BY TOMMIE L NORRI ISBN-10;
1975107195 /ISBN-13; 978-1975107192
TEST BANK FOR PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5TH EDITION
UNIT 1 - Concepts of Health and Disease
Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
**1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused on the
World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made by nurses during a
discussion session, which statements would be considered a good representation of the WHO
definition? Select all that apply.**
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book reviews and word
games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes mellitus under
tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
**Answer: A, B, C, E**
,**Rationale:** The WHO definition of health is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Engaging in book reviews
facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting
with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-being even though the person has a
chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs. Providing
transportation for dialysis patients addresses access to care but does not directly represent the WHO
definition of health.
---
**2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large variety of factors
that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020
report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following
aspects discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this
report?**
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American descent and practices
various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hypercholesterolemia and remains
noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many health care facilities.
**Answer: B**
**Rationale:** In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for all
(which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which includes living in a
clean community with good access to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control
high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the "attaining
lives free of preventable disease and premature death" determinant.
,---
**3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, university
hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases that are
caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the following patients most
clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?**
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial
hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and chest
physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive
**Answer: D**
**Rationale:** PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of abnormal
molecules.
---
**4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of
clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects of clients' situations
best characterize pathogenesis rather than etiology?**
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
, D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
**Answer: B**
**Rationale:** Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuries are
examples of etiologic factors.
---
**5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived to his
first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pathogenesis of coronary
artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood
the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease?**
A) "All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks."
B) "My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like French fries every day."
C) "Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it easy to form fatty
streaks, which lead to my clogged artery."
D) "If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causing a clot that
stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack."
**Answer: C**
**Rationale:** The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a fatty streak
to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve
around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
