BIO 182 EXAM 2
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
General Biology II • Comprehensive Practice • 2026/2027 Edition • 150 Questions
BIO 182 EXAM 2
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE (2026/2027
EDITION)
This practice examination is aligned with the ASU General Biology II (BIO 182) curriculum, covering
evolutionary biology, genetics (meiosis and Mendelian genetics), population genetics, speciation,
phylogenetics, ecology, and animal behavior. It contains 150 multiple-choice questions organized
into eight sections, each with a complete rationale for the correct answer. Questions emphasize
application and analysis (≈75%) alongside direct recall (≈25%).
Section Topic Questions
Section 1 Genetics & Meiosis – Asexual/Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis Phases, Gametogenesis,
25 Ploidy
Section 2 Evolution & Natural Selection – Darwinian Evolution, Selection Modes, Fitness
20Trade-offs, Giraffe Neck Case
Section 3 Population Genetics & Genetic Drift – Hardy–Weinberg, Allele Frequencies, Drift,
20 Migration Load
Section 4 Speciation & Reproductive Isolation – Allopatry vs. Sympatry, Pre/Post-Zygotic
20 Barriers, Species Concepts
Section 5 Phylogenetics & Classification – Homology vs. Homoplasy, Parsimony, Cladistics,
15 Outgroup Analysis
Section 6 Ecology & Biodiversity – Niches, Abiotic Factors, Island Biogeography, Habitat
20Loss, Wildlife Corridors
Section 7 Animal Behavior & Neurobiology – Tinbergen's Four Questions, Learning, Neurotransmitters,
15 Behavioral Eco
Section 8 Integrated Case Study Scenarios – Water Fleas, Cod Fish Hb Alleles, Locust Serotonin
15 Experiment, Puddle P
TOTAL 150
How to use this exam: Work through the sections in order, marking your answers. Each item shows
four options (A–D) with exactly one correct response, followed by the answer and a rationale. A
consolidated answer key appears at the end for quick scoring.
,BIO 182 — General Biology II Exam 2 Comprehensive Practice (2026/2027)
Section 1: Genetics & Meiosis – Asexual/Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis Phases,
Gametogenesis, Ploidy
Q1: Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:
A. genetically identical to the parent (clones) [CORRECT]
B. genetically diverse
C. haploid always
D. formed by fertilization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asexual reproduction yields genetically identical clones because offspring arise by mitosis without
gamete fusion.
Q2: A major cost/limitation of sexual reproduction is that it:
A. requires more time and energy than asexual reproduction [CORRECT]
B. produces only clones
C. cannot generate genetic diversity
D. occurs only in bacteria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sexual reproduction requires finding a mate and producing gametes, costing more time and
energy, but it generates genetic diversity.
Q3: Meiosis I is called the reduction division because it:
A. separates homologous chromosomes, halving the chromosome number [CORRECT]
B. separates sister chromatids
C. doubles the chromosome number
D. produces identical daughter cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meiosis I separates homologous pairs, reducing ploidy from diploid to haploid.
Q4: Meiosis II separates:
A. sister chromatids [CORRECT]
B. homologous chromosomes
C. non-homologous chromosomes
D. gametes from each other
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis, producing four haploid cells.
Q5: Crossing over (genetic recombination) occurs during:
A. Prophase I [CORRECT]
B. Metaphase II
C. Anaphase II
D. Telophase II
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromatids, occurs in
Prophase I.
Page 2 of 29
, BIO 182 — General Biology II Exam 2 Comprehensive Practice (2026/2027)
Q6: Crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between:
A. chromatids on homologous chromosomes [CORRECT]
B. sister chromatids of the same chromosome
C. any two non-homologous chromosomes
D. DNA and RNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crossing over exchanges segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
Q7: Independent assortment occurs during:
A. Metaphase I, when homologous pairs line up randomly [CORRECT]
B. Prophase II
C. Telophase I
D. interphase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Random orientation of homologous pairs at Metaphase I produces independent assortment of
chromosomes.
Q8: The two mechanisms that generate genetic variation in meiosis are:
A. crossing over and independent assortment [CORRECT]
B. DNA replication and cytokinesis
C. transcription and translation
D. mutation and mitosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crossing over and independent assortment reshuffle alleles, generating genetic variation.
Q9: Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
A. testes [CORRECT]
B. ovaries
C. epididymis only
D. prostate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spermatogenesis takes place in the testes.
Q10: One complete spermatogenesis yields:
A. four haploid sperm [CORRECT]
B. one haploid egg
C. two diploid cells
D. one diploid zygote
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meiosis in the male produces four functional haploid sperm from each primary spermatocyte.
Q11: Oogenesis occurs in the:
A. ovaries [CORRECT]
B. testes
C. uterus
D. fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries.
Page 3 of 29
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
General Biology II • Comprehensive Practice • 2026/2027 Edition • 150 Questions
BIO 182 EXAM 2
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE (2026/2027
EDITION)
This practice examination is aligned with the ASU General Biology II (BIO 182) curriculum, covering
evolutionary biology, genetics (meiosis and Mendelian genetics), population genetics, speciation,
phylogenetics, ecology, and animal behavior. It contains 150 multiple-choice questions organized
into eight sections, each with a complete rationale for the correct answer. Questions emphasize
application and analysis (≈75%) alongside direct recall (≈25%).
Section Topic Questions
Section 1 Genetics & Meiosis – Asexual/Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis Phases, Gametogenesis,
25 Ploidy
Section 2 Evolution & Natural Selection – Darwinian Evolution, Selection Modes, Fitness
20Trade-offs, Giraffe Neck Case
Section 3 Population Genetics & Genetic Drift – Hardy–Weinberg, Allele Frequencies, Drift,
20 Migration Load
Section 4 Speciation & Reproductive Isolation – Allopatry vs. Sympatry, Pre/Post-Zygotic
20 Barriers, Species Concepts
Section 5 Phylogenetics & Classification – Homology vs. Homoplasy, Parsimony, Cladistics,
15 Outgroup Analysis
Section 6 Ecology & Biodiversity – Niches, Abiotic Factors, Island Biogeography, Habitat
20Loss, Wildlife Corridors
Section 7 Animal Behavior & Neurobiology – Tinbergen's Four Questions, Learning, Neurotransmitters,
15 Behavioral Eco
Section 8 Integrated Case Study Scenarios – Water Fleas, Cod Fish Hb Alleles, Locust Serotonin
15 Experiment, Puddle P
TOTAL 150
How to use this exam: Work through the sections in order, marking your answers. Each item shows
four options (A–D) with exactly one correct response, followed by the answer and a rationale. A
consolidated answer key appears at the end for quick scoring.
,BIO 182 — General Biology II Exam 2 Comprehensive Practice (2026/2027)
Section 1: Genetics & Meiosis – Asexual/Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis Phases,
Gametogenesis, Ploidy
Q1: Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:
A. genetically identical to the parent (clones) [CORRECT]
B. genetically diverse
C. haploid always
D. formed by fertilization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asexual reproduction yields genetically identical clones because offspring arise by mitosis without
gamete fusion.
Q2: A major cost/limitation of sexual reproduction is that it:
A. requires more time and energy than asexual reproduction [CORRECT]
B. produces only clones
C. cannot generate genetic diversity
D. occurs only in bacteria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sexual reproduction requires finding a mate and producing gametes, costing more time and
energy, but it generates genetic diversity.
Q3: Meiosis I is called the reduction division because it:
A. separates homologous chromosomes, halving the chromosome number [CORRECT]
B. separates sister chromatids
C. doubles the chromosome number
D. produces identical daughter cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meiosis I separates homologous pairs, reducing ploidy from diploid to haploid.
Q4: Meiosis II separates:
A. sister chromatids [CORRECT]
B. homologous chromosomes
C. non-homologous chromosomes
D. gametes from each other
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis, producing four haploid cells.
Q5: Crossing over (genetic recombination) occurs during:
A. Prophase I [CORRECT]
B. Metaphase II
C. Anaphase II
D. Telophase II
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromatids, occurs in
Prophase I.
Page 2 of 29
, BIO 182 — General Biology II Exam 2 Comprehensive Practice (2026/2027)
Q6: Crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between:
A. chromatids on homologous chromosomes [CORRECT]
B. sister chromatids of the same chromosome
C. any two non-homologous chromosomes
D. DNA and RNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crossing over exchanges segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
Q7: Independent assortment occurs during:
A. Metaphase I, when homologous pairs line up randomly [CORRECT]
B. Prophase II
C. Telophase I
D. interphase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Random orientation of homologous pairs at Metaphase I produces independent assortment of
chromosomes.
Q8: The two mechanisms that generate genetic variation in meiosis are:
A. crossing over and independent assortment [CORRECT]
B. DNA replication and cytokinesis
C. transcription and translation
D. mutation and mitosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crossing over and independent assortment reshuffle alleles, generating genetic variation.
Q9: Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
A. testes [CORRECT]
B. ovaries
C. epididymis only
D. prostate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spermatogenesis takes place in the testes.
Q10: One complete spermatogenesis yields:
A. four haploid sperm [CORRECT]
B. one haploid egg
C. two diploid cells
D. one diploid zygote
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meiosis in the male produces four functional haploid sperm from each primary spermatocyte.
Q11: Oogenesis occurs in the:
A. ovaries [CORRECT]
B. testes
C. uterus
D. fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries.
Page 3 of 29
