WGU D023 SCHOOL FINANCIAL
LEADERSHIP EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
●● 2nd Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The period of emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat
grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations to local
districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
●● 3rd Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation
program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required
in the richest district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum,
program. The rich district would receive no state funds; the other
districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the foundation
program.
●● 4th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The period of refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
,●● 5th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: "Power" or "open-end" (shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
●● Equalization
Answer: state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership
in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every
school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link
between funding and program quality was questionable.
●● open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan
Answer: the percentage of this program to be paid by each individual
district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high for
poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has
been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be
maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
●● 6th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The shift of emphasis and influence, and funding for special
need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters,
fluctuating prices in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
,●● 7th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: A focus on adequacy in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and
requirements, and must be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
●● Foundational funding
Answer: The state provides a minimal level of funding as a guarantee
per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the
disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
●● Common School Era
Answer: Local school districts were formed to support the education of
the local population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In
order to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited
personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to support
public schools.
●● Early Colonial Schooling
Answer: Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as a funding
of the local community or church of that community.
, ●● Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document?
Answer: State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in
each state's constitution. Access to education and the quality are different
depending upon how the state defines its language. For example, a
"right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A
"right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal"
may provide more flexibility in disparity.
●● What is meant by pupil expenditure?
Answer: The pupil expenditure is the total expense accounted for by that
specific student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not
limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel),
facility expenses (building construction, maintenance, utilities,
insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology,
materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of
living changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per
pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where
the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
●● Financial disparity
Answer:
●● Financial adequacy
Answer:
LEADERSHIP EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
●● 2nd Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The period of emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat
grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations to local
districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
●● 3rd Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation
program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required
in the richest district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum,
program. The rich district would receive no state funds; the other
districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the foundation
program.
●● 4th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The period of refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
,●● 5th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: "Power" or "open-end" (shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
●● Equalization
Answer: state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership
in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every
school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link
between funding and program quality was questionable.
●● open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan
Answer: the percentage of this program to be paid by each individual
district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high for
poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has
been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be
maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
●● 6th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: The shift of emphasis and influence, and funding for special
need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters,
fluctuating prices in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
,●● 7th Development Stage of School Finance
Answer: A focus on adequacy in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and
requirements, and must be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
●● Foundational funding
Answer: The state provides a minimal level of funding as a guarantee
per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the
disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
●● Common School Era
Answer: Local school districts were formed to support the education of
the local population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In
order to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited
personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to support
public schools.
●● Early Colonial Schooling
Answer: Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as a funding
of the local community or church of that community.
, ●● Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document?
Answer: State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in
each state's constitution. Access to education and the quality are different
depending upon how the state defines its language. For example, a
"right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A
"right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal"
may provide more flexibility in disparity.
●● What is meant by pupil expenditure?
Answer: The pupil expenditure is the total expense accounted for by that
specific student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not
limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel),
facility expenses (building construction, maintenance, utilities,
insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology,
materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of
living changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per
pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where
the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
●● Financial disparity
Answer:
●● Financial adequacy
Answer:
