NURS 317 Study Questions With Correct Solutions
difference between primary health care and primary care
Primary care
A narrower term that describes the services a trained provider delivers to an individual, such as
diagnosing or treating an illness. Primary care can take place in a clinic or hospital, but it can
also occur elsewhere.
Primary health care (PHC)
A broader term that describes a society-wide approach to health that includes primary care,
public health functions, and other components. PHC is designed to help everyone achieve better
health by addressing many determinants of health and connecting clinical, non-clinical, and
community supports
primary health care 5 components
- reduce exclusion and soical inequities in health
- organize health services around peoples needs and expectations
- integrate health into sectors
- pursue collaborative models of policy dialogie
- increase stakeholder participation
community
A group of people who live, work, play, learn, and worship in an environment at a given time (p.
250).
components of community
Community history and perception
population
A diverse group of people or groups residing within the boundaries of a community.
aggregate
comprises people with common interests, demographics, cultural heritages, and socioeconomic
and education levels.
priority population
,eople who are disadvantaged, susceptible, or vulnerable to health inequity, injury, disease or
premature death (p. 255).
The Community Health Nursing Process
aims to gather information on the community's health needs. Information gathered includes the
health needs of the community, the health status of the community, service and systems gaps for
care, and community assets (p. 253).
Community Assessment:
A systematic appraisal of the community, looking at and critically appraising the needs, gaps and
strengths. Types of assessment include:
Windshield survey or walking survey (pg. 253)
Needs assessments: Needs are what the community experiences as the gap between its current
and desired situation.
Problem investigations: These are conducted in response to a concern such as a cholera outbreak.
Resource Evaluation: Assessing and evaluating existing community resources and services.
Public Health Nurse/Community Health Nurse
A specialty area of practice practiced in community health centres, homes, schools, workplaces,
street clinics, youth centres, correctional facilities, outpost settings, and as part of community
groups (p. 63).
Knowledges: applies public health science, the principles of primary health care, nursing science,
and the social sciences to promote, protect, and preserve the health of populations (CPHA, 2010)
Clients: Everyone, but there may be priority populations (e.g., prenatal families, infants,
children)
Home Health Nursing
A specialized area of practices that is delivered in the client's home, school, or workplace, as
well as in long-term care facilities, older adult residences, clinics, and other community settings.
Knowledges: primary health care, DoH, nursing sciences, social science, to focus on prevention
of illness/disease, health restoration, maintenance, or palliation.
Clients: range of ages, diagnoses, and conditions. (p. 75)
Primary Care
Provide the first point of contact with the healthcare system in ambulatory care settings, long-
term care facilities; urgent and primary care, physician offices; family health clinics; community
health centres; correctional facilities; and community clinics in rural, urban, and remote
locations.
Comprehensive & biomedical focus
Narrower concept than primary health care (PHC)
Knowledges: RN's or NP's. Depends on the practice setting. Broad scope of practice.
Interdisciplinary & sometimes intersectoral.
Clients: Individuals and families across the lifespan. Often in rural/remote communities.
,Indigenous Health
CHNs who work with and in Indigenous communities on reserve aim to support Indigenous
peoples' rights and self-determination by respecting human dignity through culturally safe and
humble nursing practice.
Intersectoral Care
Nurses work across sectors (health, social services (e.g., child welfare services, education,
housing, food systems). This can be called intersectoral care, or cross-sectoral, or multi-sectoral
care.
Sometimes nurses work across health authorities and health systems.
It is important to know other professionals' scope of practice/disciplinary knowledge you are
working with (e.g., PHS housing specialist), as well as community members' lived experiences,
abilities, and capacities.
Earliest forms of Healthcare in Canada (Turtle Island)
Indigenous Peoples provided the earliest forms of healthcare on Turtle Island (and what is now
called Canada)
Indigenous peoples provided wholistic healthcare, including curative midwifery services to
European settlers
Indigenous medicine peoples provided their knowledge to the settlers regarding health and
healing
Settler women learned from and with Indigenous healers.
Origins of Community Health Nursing in Canada
17th centry new france
- colonization
- immigrantion
- epidemics (small pox)
18th and 19th century
- poverty
- immigration
- epidemics (cholera/typhoid)
Early 20th century
- immigration
- TB leading cause of death
- 1930 economic depression
, - world wards
- rise in dominance of hospitals and physicians
17th Century
Later, religious orders began providing public health nursing support to visit 'sick and poor' folks
(e.g., Grey Nuns)
Commitment to social justice
There wasn't a demarcation between community and hospital healthcare.
Provided in rural and urban communities
Nation Building & Nightengale Era (18th & 19th centuries)
Canada developed as a Nation, increased immigration (1867 British North American Act; 1847
Indian Act proclaimed)
The Federal government had laws re: quarantine
Settlers brough diseases that Indigenous peoples did not have immunity to (e.g., Small Pox) - the
government provided limited provisions
example from the land we are one of this
2/3 of Stolo people died from the small pox epidemic.
People were removed from villages for containment (e.g., land was eventually taken)
Healthcare was not provided to Indigenous communities (e.g., immunizations), and the
government could have done so...
Nation Building
Public health care devolved to the provinces - the Federal government did not take responsibility
for community health
This history decision continues to impact Indigenous communities today.
Rise of & dominance of medicine
Hospitals became the centre of healthcare
Nightingale great at epidemiology--is lauded as the founder of nursing
Mary Seacole (also who worked during the Crimean war) largely forgotten and excluded from
joining nursing efforts, although made a substantial contribution
difference between primary health care and primary care
Primary care
A narrower term that describes the services a trained provider delivers to an individual, such as
diagnosing or treating an illness. Primary care can take place in a clinic or hospital, but it can
also occur elsewhere.
Primary health care (PHC)
A broader term that describes a society-wide approach to health that includes primary care,
public health functions, and other components. PHC is designed to help everyone achieve better
health by addressing many determinants of health and connecting clinical, non-clinical, and
community supports
primary health care 5 components
- reduce exclusion and soical inequities in health
- organize health services around peoples needs and expectations
- integrate health into sectors
- pursue collaborative models of policy dialogie
- increase stakeholder participation
community
A group of people who live, work, play, learn, and worship in an environment at a given time (p.
250).
components of community
Community history and perception
population
A diverse group of people or groups residing within the boundaries of a community.
aggregate
comprises people with common interests, demographics, cultural heritages, and socioeconomic
and education levels.
priority population
,eople who are disadvantaged, susceptible, or vulnerable to health inequity, injury, disease or
premature death (p. 255).
The Community Health Nursing Process
aims to gather information on the community's health needs. Information gathered includes the
health needs of the community, the health status of the community, service and systems gaps for
care, and community assets (p. 253).
Community Assessment:
A systematic appraisal of the community, looking at and critically appraising the needs, gaps and
strengths. Types of assessment include:
Windshield survey or walking survey (pg. 253)
Needs assessments: Needs are what the community experiences as the gap between its current
and desired situation.
Problem investigations: These are conducted in response to a concern such as a cholera outbreak.
Resource Evaluation: Assessing and evaluating existing community resources and services.
Public Health Nurse/Community Health Nurse
A specialty area of practice practiced in community health centres, homes, schools, workplaces,
street clinics, youth centres, correctional facilities, outpost settings, and as part of community
groups (p. 63).
Knowledges: applies public health science, the principles of primary health care, nursing science,
and the social sciences to promote, protect, and preserve the health of populations (CPHA, 2010)
Clients: Everyone, but there may be priority populations (e.g., prenatal families, infants,
children)
Home Health Nursing
A specialized area of practices that is delivered in the client's home, school, or workplace, as
well as in long-term care facilities, older adult residences, clinics, and other community settings.
Knowledges: primary health care, DoH, nursing sciences, social science, to focus on prevention
of illness/disease, health restoration, maintenance, or palliation.
Clients: range of ages, diagnoses, and conditions. (p. 75)
Primary Care
Provide the first point of contact with the healthcare system in ambulatory care settings, long-
term care facilities; urgent and primary care, physician offices; family health clinics; community
health centres; correctional facilities; and community clinics in rural, urban, and remote
locations.
Comprehensive & biomedical focus
Narrower concept than primary health care (PHC)
Knowledges: RN's or NP's. Depends on the practice setting. Broad scope of practice.
Interdisciplinary & sometimes intersectoral.
Clients: Individuals and families across the lifespan. Often in rural/remote communities.
,Indigenous Health
CHNs who work with and in Indigenous communities on reserve aim to support Indigenous
peoples' rights and self-determination by respecting human dignity through culturally safe and
humble nursing practice.
Intersectoral Care
Nurses work across sectors (health, social services (e.g., child welfare services, education,
housing, food systems). This can be called intersectoral care, or cross-sectoral, or multi-sectoral
care.
Sometimes nurses work across health authorities and health systems.
It is important to know other professionals' scope of practice/disciplinary knowledge you are
working with (e.g., PHS housing specialist), as well as community members' lived experiences,
abilities, and capacities.
Earliest forms of Healthcare in Canada (Turtle Island)
Indigenous Peoples provided the earliest forms of healthcare on Turtle Island (and what is now
called Canada)
Indigenous peoples provided wholistic healthcare, including curative midwifery services to
European settlers
Indigenous medicine peoples provided their knowledge to the settlers regarding health and
healing
Settler women learned from and with Indigenous healers.
Origins of Community Health Nursing in Canada
17th centry new france
- colonization
- immigrantion
- epidemics (small pox)
18th and 19th century
- poverty
- immigration
- epidemics (cholera/typhoid)
Early 20th century
- immigration
- TB leading cause of death
- 1930 economic depression
, - world wards
- rise in dominance of hospitals and physicians
17th Century
Later, religious orders began providing public health nursing support to visit 'sick and poor' folks
(e.g., Grey Nuns)
Commitment to social justice
There wasn't a demarcation between community and hospital healthcare.
Provided in rural and urban communities
Nation Building & Nightengale Era (18th & 19th centuries)
Canada developed as a Nation, increased immigration (1867 British North American Act; 1847
Indian Act proclaimed)
The Federal government had laws re: quarantine
Settlers brough diseases that Indigenous peoples did not have immunity to (e.g., Small Pox) - the
government provided limited provisions
example from the land we are one of this
2/3 of Stolo people died from the small pox epidemic.
People were removed from villages for containment (e.g., land was eventually taken)
Healthcare was not provided to Indigenous communities (e.g., immunizations), and the
government could have done so...
Nation Building
Public health care devolved to the provinces - the Federal government did not take responsibility
for community health
This history decision continues to impact Indigenous communities today.
Rise of & dominance of medicine
Hospitals became the centre of healthcare
Nightingale great at epidemiology--is lauded as the founder of nursing
Mary Seacole (also who worked during the Crimean war) largely forgotten and excluded from
joining nursing efforts, although made a substantial contribution
