Pediatrics Exam 1
Unit 1: Child Development and Care
Chapter 13: pg. 429-453, Chapter 14: pg. 456-491, Chapter 18: Pg 605-606; 625-629
• Growth and Development Primary Considerations
o Cephalocaudal
§ Progression of growth from head to toe
o Proximodistal
§ Development from near to far and midline to periphery (torso develops before
arms/legs)
o Gross vs Fine Motor Skills
§ Gross: running and jumping
§ Fine: eating, tying shoes
• Newborn (Age: Birth-1 Month):
§ Physical:
• @ birth: brain stem and spinal cord ARE developed
• Height: 19-21 inches tall
• Weight: 7.5 pounds
• 13–14-inch head circ.
• 12-13 chest circ.
§ Newborn Vital Signs:
• P: 110-170
• B/P: 60-85/40-55
• T: 97.6-99.3
• RR: 30-60
§ Fine/gross motor skills:
• Strong palmar and plantar grasp
• Absence of head control
§ Sense/Cognition:
• Touch- first to develop
• Vision: 20/100- least developed
§ Nutrition:
• Breast/Bottle (Colostrum @ birth)
§ Immunizations:
• RSV (depending on maternal RSV vaccine status)
• Hep B
• Vitamin K injection (clotting)
• Erythromycin Cream/Gel on eyes (syphilis)
• Infant (Age: Birth-1 year)
o Erikson’s: Trust versus Mistrust
, § Trust in a parental figure meets needs and cares
§ Mistrust may happen when needs are not met
o Freud Psychosexual: Oral Stage
§ Infants put stuff in their mouths, such as a binky
• Id: Emotions, present at birth
• Ego: Sense of reality, develops during the first year
o Piaget: Sensorimotor
§ Separation (No merging or attachment physically)
§ Object permanence (objects are still there when you can’t see them)
§ Mental representation (using signs to communicate)
o Reflex Assessment (present at birth until 9 months)
§ Rooting: head turn and suck
§ Sucking: sucking of lips, mouth, and tongue
§ Moro: Startle response
§ Grasping: fingers and toes curl inward
§ Babinski: toes fan out
o Physical differences:
§ Fontanel: (depression = dehydration) (fullness = increased ICP)
• Anterior: closes 12-18 months
• Posterior: closes 1-3 months
o Vital Signs (Galen Values):
§ P: 90-160
§ B/P: 65-100/55-65
§ Temp: 97.6-99.5 (across the board)
§ RR: 30-53
o Type of Play: Solitary play
o Hospitalization:
§ Parent interviewing: clarify identity
§ PMHx: pregnancy, labor/delivery: APGAR, height/weight, feeding/breathing
§ I+O’s: 6 or more wet diapers a day
§ Infant scale: naked w/ no diaper
o Parent Teaching:
§ S/S illness (fever, vomiting, dehydration, jaundice), CPR training, oral health
• Safety: Crib/car seat
o Sleep: 16 – 17 hours/day (2-3 hours at a time)
o Infant (Age: 1-2 months):
§ Physical:
• Height: increases 1 inch per month
• Weight: Increases 1.5 pounds per month
• Head circumference increases 0.5 inches per month
§ Fine/gross motor skills:
• Grasp reflex absent, hands open
§ Sense/Cognition:
• Coos, Social smile,
§ Nutrition: Breast/Bottle
Unit 1: Child Development and Care
Chapter 13: pg. 429-453, Chapter 14: pg. 456-491, Chapter 18: Pg 605-606; 625-629
• Growth and Development Primary Considerations
o Cephalocaudal
§ Progression of growth from head to toe
o Proximodistal
§ Development from near to far and midline to periphery (torso develops before
arms/legs)
o Gross vs Fine Motor Skills
§ Gross: running and jumping
§ Fine: eating, tying shoes
• Newborn (Age: Birth-1 Month):
§ Physical:
• @ birth: brain stem and spinal cord ARE developed
• Height: 19-21 inches tall
• Weight: 7.5 pounds
• 13–14-inch head circ.
• 12-13 chest circ.
§ Newborn Vital Signs:
• P: 110-170
• B/P: 60-85/40-55
• T: 97.6-99.3
• RR: 30-60
§ Fine/gross motor skills:
• Strong palmar and plantar grasp
• Absence of head control
§ Sense/Cognition:
• Touch- first to develop
• Vision: 20/100- least developed
§ Nutrition:
• Breast/Bottle (Colostrum @ birth)
§ Immunizations:
• RSV (depending on maternal RSV vaccine status)
• Hep B
• Vitamin K injection (clotting)
• Erythromycin Cream/Gel on eyes (syphilis)
• Infant (Age: Birth-1 year)
o Erikson’s: Trust versus Mistrust
, § Trust in a parental figure meets needs and cares
§ Mistrust may happen when needs are not met
o Freud Psychosexual: Oral Stage
§ Infants put stuff in their mouths, such as a binky
• Id: Emotions, present at birth
• Ego: Sense of reality, develops during the first year
o Piaget: Sensorimotor
§ Separation (No merging or attachment physically)
§ Object permanence (objects are still there when you can’t see them)
§ Mental representation (using signs to communicate)
o Reflex Assessment (present at birth until 9 months)
§ Rooting: head turn and suck
§ Sucking: sucking of lips, mouth, and tongue
§ Moro: Startle response
§ Grasping: fingers and toes curl inward
§ Babinski: toes fan out
o Physical differences:
§ Fontanel: (depression = dehydration) (fullness = increased ICP)
• Anterior: closes 12-18 months
• Posterior: closes 1-3 months
o Vital Signs (Galen Values):
§ P: 90-160
§ B/P: 65-100/55-65
§ Temp: 97.6-99.5 (across the board)
§ RR: 30-53
o Type of Play: Solitary play
o Hospitalization:
§ Parent interviewing: clarify identity
§ PMHx: pregnancy, labor/delivery: APGAR, height/weight, feeding/breathing
§ I+O’s: 6 or more wet diapers a day
§ Infant scale: naked w/ no diaper
o Parent Teaching:
§ S/S illness (fever, vomiting, dehydration, jaundice), CPR training, oral health
• Safety: Crib/car seat
o Sleep: 16 – 17 hours/day (2-3 hours at a time)
o Infant (Age: 1-2 months):
§ Physical:
• Height: increases 1 inch per month
• Weight: Increases 1.5 pounds per month
• Head circumference increases 0.5 inches per month
§ Fine/gross motor skills:
• Grasp reflex absent, hands open
§ Sense/Cognition:
• Coos, Social smile,
§ Nutrition: Breast/Bottle
