NUR 144 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answer
Deoxygenated Blood - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Right atrium, through
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tricuspid valve to right ventricle, through pulmonary valve to the lungs
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Oxygenated Blood - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Through the pulmonary
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veins to the left atrium, through the mitral valve to the left ventricle,
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through the aortic valve to the aorta
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Starling's law of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the more the cardiac
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muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction
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Diastole: Period of rest; Blood is returned to the heart by veins
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Systole: Period of contraction, or systole; Blood is pumped out of the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
heart
Heart-Lung or Pulmonary Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--The right
| | | | | | | |
side of the heart sends blood to the lungs.
| | | | | | | |
-Carbon dioxide and some waste products are removed from the blood.
| | | | | | | | | |
-Oxygen is picked up by the red blood cells.
| | | | | | | |
,Systemic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The left side of the heart
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sends oxygenated blood out to all of the cells in the body.
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Preload - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle
| | | | | | | | |
fibers at the end of diastole
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-left ventricular end-volume
| |
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the amount of resistance to ejection
| | | | | | | | |
of blood from the ventricle
| | | |
coronary artery disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-atherosclerosis of the
| | | | | | | |
coronary arteries that reduces the oxygen-rich blood supply to the heart
| | | | | | | | | |
muscle
|
*high oxygen demand with very little oxygen supply
| | | | | | |
atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-condition in which fatty | | | | | | |
deposits (plaque) build up on the inner walls of the arteries
| | | | | | | | | |
angina pectoris - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-suffocation of the chest
| | | | | | |
-when the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the blood is insufficient to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
meet the demands of the heart
| | | | |
,chronic stable angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-classic/effort angina
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unstable angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pre-infarction/crescendo
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(builds) angina |
vasospastic angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Prinzmetal or variant angina
| | | | | | |
-caused by coronary artery spasms
| | | |
drugs for angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Nitrates/nitrites
| | | | |
-Beta blockers
|
-Calcium channel blockers
| |
Therapeutic objectives of angina therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | |
Minimize the frequency of attacks and decrease the duration and
| | | | | | | | | |
intensity of anginal pain
| | |
-Improve the patient's functional capacity with as few adverse effects as
| | | | | | | | | |
possible
|
-Prevent or delay the worst possible outcome: MI
| | | | | | |
MOA of nitrates/nitrites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Cause vasodilation -
| | | | | | | |
the relaxation of smooth muscles increases the supply of oxygen
| | | | | | | | |
, -Potent dilating effect on coronary arteries
| | | | |
-Result: oxygen to ischemic myocardial tissue, decreased workload of
| | | | | | | | |
the heart
|
-Used for prevention and treatment of angina
| | | | | |
-Increases blood flow to the myocardium
| | | | |
nitrates/nitrites rapid-acting forms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--used to
| | | | | | |
treat acute anginal attacks
| | |
-sublingual tablets; IV infusion | | |
nitrates/nitrites long-acting forms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Used to
| | | | | | |
PREVENT anginal episodes | |
Nitroglycerin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Prototypical nitrate
| | | |
-Large first-pass effect with oral forms
| | | | |
-Used for symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart conditions (angina)
| | | | | | | |
-IV form used for BP control in perioperative hypertension, treatment of
| | | | | | | | | |
HF, ischemic pain, pulmonary edema associated with acute MI, and
| | | | | | | | | | |
hypertensive emergencies |
Nitroglycerin adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*SEVERE
| | | | | |
HYPOTENSION bc arteries open up quickly | | | | |
-headache: indicates the drug is beginning to work
| | | | | | |
Correct Answer
Deoxygenated Blood - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Right atrium, through
| | | | | | |
tricuspid valve to right ventricle, through pulmonary valve to the lungs
| | | | | | | | | |
Oxygenated Blood - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Through the pulmonary
| | | | | | |
veins to the left atrium, through the mitral valve to the left ventricle,
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
through the aortic valve to the aorta
| | | | | |
Starling's law of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the more the cardiac
| | | | | | | | | |
muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction
| | | | | | |
Diastole: Period of rest; Blood is returned to the heart by veins
| | | | | | | | | | |
Systole: Period of contraction, or systole; Blood is pumped out of the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
heart
Heart-Lung or Pulmonary Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--The right
| | | | | | | |
side of the heart sends blood to the lungs.
| | | | | | | |
-Carbon dioxide and some waste products are removed from the blood.
| | | | | | | | | |
-Oxygen is picked up by the red blood cells.
| | | | | | | |
,Systemic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The left side of the heart
| | | | | | | | | |
sends oxygenated blood out to all of the cells in the body.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle
| | | | | | | | |
fibers at the end of diastole
| | | | | |
-left ventricular end-volume
| |
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the amount of resistance to ejection
| | | | | | | | |
of blood from the ventricle
| | | |
coronary artery disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-atherosclerosis of the
| | | | | | | |
coronary arteries that reduces the oxygen-rich blood supply to the heart
| | | | | | | | | |
muscle
|
*high oxygen demand with very little oxygen supply
| | | | | | |
atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-condition in which fatty | | | | | | |
deposits (plaque) build up on the inner walls of the arteries
| | | | | | | | | |
angina pectoris - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-suffocation of the chest
| | | | | | |
-when the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the blood is insufficient to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
meet the demands of the heart
| | | | |
,chronic stable angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-classic/effort angina
| | | | | |
unstable angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pre-infarction/crescendo
| | | | |
(builds) angina |
vasospastic angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Prinzmetal or variant angina
| | | | | | |
-caused by coronary artery spasms
| | | |
drugs for angina - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Nitrates/nitrites
| | | | |
-Beta blockers
|
-Calcium channel blockers
| |
Therapeutic objectives of angina therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | |
Minimize the frequency of attacks and decrease the duration and
| | | | | | | | | |
intensity of anginal pain
| | |
-Improve the patient's functional capacity with as few adverse effects as
| | | | | | | | | |
possible
|
-Prevent or delay the worst possible outcome: MI
| | | | | | |
MOA of nitrates/nitrites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Cause vasodilation -
| | | | | | | |
the relaxation of smooth muscles increases the supply of oxygen
| | | | | | | | |
, -Potent dilating effect on coronary arteries
| | | | |
-Result: oxygen to ischemic myocardial tissue, decreased workload of
| | | | | | | | |
the heart
|
-Used for prevention and treatment of angina
| | | | | |
-Increases blood flow to the myocardium
| | | | |
nitrates/nitrites rapid-acting forms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--used to
| | | | | | |
treat acute anginal attacks
| | |
-sublingual tablets; IV infusion | | |
nitrates/nitrites long-acting forms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Used to
| | | | | | |
PREVENT anginal episodes | |
Nitroglycerin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Prototypical nitrate
| | | |
-Large first-pass effect with oral forms
| | | | |
-Used for symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart conditions (angina)
| | | | | | | |
-IV form used for BP control in perioperative hypertension, treatment of
| | | | | | | | | |
HF, ischemic pain, pulmonary edema associated with acute MI, and
| | | | | | | | | | |
hypertensive emergencies |
Nitroglycerin adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*SEVERE
| | | | | |
HYPOTENSION bc arteries open up quickly | | | | |
-headache: indicates the drug is beginning to work
| | | | | | |
